II. Pedia Sapiens: A Planetary Progeny Comes to Her/His Own Twintelligent Gaiable Knowledge

C. Earthica Learns as a Symbiotic Person/Planet, Collaborative Ecosmo Sapience

Levy, Pierre. The Semantic Sphere: Computation, Cognition and Information Economy. New York: Wiley-ISTE, 2011. The latest volume by the University of Ottawa communication philosopher and Canada Research Chair in Collective Intelligence illumes the fulfillment over the past decade of a worldwide cerebral faculty, which is in fact the conceptual basis and occasion of this website.

The new digital media offers us an unprecedented memory capacity, an ubiquitous communication channel and a growing computing power. How can we exploit this medium to augment our personal and social cognitive processes at the service of human development? Combining a deep knowledge of humanities and social sciences as well as a real familiarity with computer science issues, this book explains the collaborative construction of a global hypercortex coordinated by a computable metalanguage. By recognizing fully the symbolic and social nature of human cognition, we could transform our current opaque global brain into a reflexive collective intelligence. (Publisher)

Lightman, Alex and William Rojas. Brave New Unwired World: The Digital Big Bang and the Infinite Internet. New York: Wiley, 2002. The book contains both technical details and visionary perspectives on a wireless network now enveloping the globe. When it is accomplished, anyone, anywhere should have free, instant access to the totality of human knowledge.

We are not an accident of the Universe. Our intelligence is not random. We are generators of information content in the universe. (142)

Liu, Jiming and K. C. Tsui. Toward Nature-Inspired Computing. Communications of the ACM. 49/10, 2006. Prof. Liu, a leading innovator of an autonomous, self-organizing, worldwide web intelligence, is presently Director of the School of Computer Science at the University of Windsor in Canada. Check his website via Google for an extensive list of publications. Here he is joined by an IT manager from the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corp. The broad intent of this project is to carry forth natural developmental and cognitive viability to enhance the Internet. These include autonomous agents, distributed decision-making, emergent complexity, adaptive responses, all of which are able to organize themselves.

Llinas, Rodolfo. I of the Vortex: From Neuron to Self. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001. A veteran neuroscientist explains how the brain achieves “perceptual binding” by a simultaneity of communicative modules. These theories lead to speculations about whether the Internet is becoming a rudimentary species mind.

One of the few ways in which local order can increase is through the generation of such things as a nervous system that employs modularization of function. If modularization is indeed a universal to combat disorder, such a geometric and architectural solution may have happened at other levels as well. (258)

Lobo, Jesus, et al. Spiking Neural Networks and Online Learning: An Overview. Neural Networks. 121/88, 2019. TECHNALIA, Derio, Spain, Telecom ParisTech, and Auckland University of Technology (Nikola Kasabov) innovators show how human neural-cognitive facilities can be extrapolated and mapped onto internet activities and resources. That is to say, the same computational cerebral dynamics are evident in its knowledge representation, and our educational access. In regard, such methods as distributed computation, online optimization, structured prediction, data preprocessing and more occur both in our human brains and this emergent global sapience and repository.

Applications that generate huge amounts of data in the form of fast streams are increasingly prevalent, as they are necessary for learning in an online manner. These conditions impose memory and processing time restrictions, and may affect the input data distribution. There is a need for new algorithms that adapt to these changes as fast as possible, while maintaining good performance scores. Spiking Neural Networks offer a successful approach to model the behavior and learning potential of the brain, with regard to practical online learning tasks. This work merges both fields by way of a comprehensive overview, motivating further developments that embrace Spiking Neural Networks for online learning scenarios. (Abstract)

Lovell, Christopher, et al. Learning the Universe: Cosmological and Astrophysical Parameter Inference with Galaxy Luminosity Functions and Colours.. arXiv:2411.13960. We place this entry by twelve astrophysicists at the University of Portsmouth, UK, Northwestern University, Columbia University, University of Connecticut, University of Edinburgh, CCNY, University College London, University of Sussex, Flatiron Institute, NYC and Princeton University including Rachel Somerville and Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro in this section about an emergent sapiensphere learning on her/his own because it represents a large scientific project at many locales. In addition, its title cites an ordained endeavor and mission that our Earthumanity (mostly unbeknownst) has embarked upon. It might even seem that a participatory ecosmos has ordained we sentient beings with a necessary task of self-description and observance.

We perform the first cosmological and astrophysical parameter inference from the combination of galaxy luminosity functions and colours. We study the ultraviolet--near infrared stellar emission from galaxies in thousands of cosmological hydrodynamic simulations from the CAMELS suite and Astrid galaxy formation models. Both colour distributions and luminosity functions provide complementary information since the photometry encodes the star formation--metal enrichment history of each galaxy. (Excerpt sample)

Lyon, Pamela. The Biogenic Approach to Cognition. Cognitive Processing. 7/1, 2006. A paper in two special issues, previously 6/4, 2005, on Memory and the Extended Mind. Lyon here proposes an evolutionary basis that proceeds as a self-organizing, autopoietic complex system with a propensity for increased free agency in an environment. These dual issues also explore the views of Richard Menary, John Sutton, Robert A. Wilson, and others on a situated and embodied social cognition. Google for more info. Cognitive scientists and philosophers seem to be closing in on the realization that human communities indeed have minds of their own, and if so appreciated can be a source of salutary knowledge.

Malone, Thomas. Collective Intelligence. www.edge.org/conversation/collective-intelligence. A video and text posting on the edge.org salon from a November 2012 presentation by the MIT management scientist and director of its Center for Collective Intelligence. As many citations herein confirm, it is recognized that human individuals, especially today but through history, abide in group situations, which then take on cognitive attributes (for better or worse) of their own. This occasion is being studied in itself, and to facilitate improved team engagement and actions. Malone alludes that the Internet, via Google and Wikipedia, appears to manifest rudimentary worldwide cerebral abilities.

But within his talk is a fascinating finding. Three factors were are said to aid group intelligence. The first two are a “social perceptiveness” or empathic awareness of the project at hand, and “conversational turn taking” so no one person can rule. But the third and most important, as the quote notes, was the direct relation of cognitive acumen with the number of women members. The more the better, and smartest with all women. Search Anita Woolley for more, could this be the most balanced, bicameral arrangement? The talk closes with advice that a proper witness and avail of such local and global cooperative cognizance, proceeding much on its own, may be the world’s saving resource.

Finally, we found that the collective intelligence of the group was significantly correlated with the percentage of women in the group. More women were correlated with a more intelligent group. Interestingly, this last result is not just a diversity result. It's not just saying that you need groups with some men and some women. It looks like that it's a more or less linear trend. That is, more women are better all the way up to all women. It is also important to realize that this gender effect is largely statistically mediated by the social perceptiveness effect. In other words, it was known before we did our work that women on average scored higher on this measure of social perceptiveness than men.

You might well argue that human intelligence has all along been primarily a collective phenomenon rather than an individual one. Most of the things we think of as human intelligence really arise in the context of our interactions with other human beings. We learn languages. We learn to communicate. Most of our intellectual achievements as humans really result not just from a single person working all alone by themselves, but from interactions of an individual with a culture, with a body of knowledge, with a whole community and network of other humans. I think and I hope that this approach to thinking about collective intelligence can help us to understand not only what it means to be individual humans, but what it means for us as humans to be part of some broader collectively intelligent entity.

Malone, Thomas. Superminds. Grand Haven, MI: Brilliance Publishing, 2019. The author is founding director of the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence. Along with this volume and You Tube presentations he does advise that this enveloping noosphere with its infinity of web linkages should be much smarter than nodal online users and ought achieve its own coherent knowledge. Indeed this may be the only way we can save ourselves. Into 2020, a good example could be the intense, global proliferation of COVID-19 data statistics, complex system analyses, and palliative proposals.

The MIT Center for Collective Intelligence explores how people and computers can be connected so that – collectively – they act more intelligently than any person, group, or computer has ever done before. (cci.mit.edu).

Malone, Thomas, et al. The Collective Intelligence Genome. MIT Sloan Management Review. Spring, 2010. With co-authors Robert Laubacher and Chrysanthos Dellarocas, a report on an MIT Center for Collective Intelligence project that seeks to implement this nascent evolutionary emergence by way of, as the quote states, an equivalent genetic capability. Although not pressed, it implies that our common cognition may indeed take on such a creative identity. Malone, CCI founder-director and MIT management professor, goes on to note in the MIT Spectrum, (Summer 2010), that the “collective brainpower” of a worldwide cerebral consortium, properly accessed and availed, is really our only hope to save earth’s sustaining environment. Search Malone for a 2012 Collective Intelligence conference report.

We define a gene as a particular answer to one of the key questions (What, Who, Why or How) associated with a single task in a collective intelligence system. Like the genes from which individual organisms develop, these organizational genes are the core elements from which collective intelligence systems are built. The full combination of genes associated with a specific example of collective intelligence can be viewed as the “genome” of that system. (22-23)

Malone,, Thomas and Michael Bernstein, eds. Handbook of Collective Intelligence. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015. The MIT Center for Collective Intelligence director, and a Stanford University computer scientist assemble initial considerations about how animal and human groupings can exhibit a modicum of cognition, learning, and composite knowledge. Chapters are divided into Economic, Biology, Human-Computer, Artificial Intelligence, Psychology, Organizational, and Social domains such as The Wisdom of Crowds by Andrew Lo and Collective Behavior in Animals by Deborah Gordon.

Intelligence does not arise only in individual brains; it also arises in groups of individuals. This is collective intelligence: groups of individuals acting collectively in ways that seem intelligent. In recent years, a new kind of collective intelligence has emerged: interconnected groups of people and computers, collectively doing intelligent things. Today these groups are engaged in tasks that range from writing software to predicting the results of presidential elections. This volume reports on the latest research in the study of collective intelligence, laying out a shared set of research challenges from a variety of disciplinary and methodological perspectives. Taken together, these essays -- by leading researchers from such fields as computer science, biology, economics, and psychology -- lay the foundation for a new multidisciplinary field.

Marien, Michael. The Future of Human Benefit Knowledge: Notes on a World Brain for the 21st Century. Futures. 39/8, 2007. The long time editor of the Future Survey newsletter explores how this concept advocated in the 1930s by H. G. Wells could become a salutary reality in years to come.

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