I. Our Planatural Edition: A 21st Century PhiloSophia, Earthropo Ecosmic PediaVersion

C. An Earthumanity Era: A 2020s Global Cognizance Achieves a Knowsphere by Her/His Bicameral Self

Sanchez-Puig, Fernanda, et al. Heterogeneity Extends Criticality. arXiv.2208.06439. In August 2022, a five person team with postings at the Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Microsoft, Redmond, Aalto University, Finland and far afield including Carlos Gershenson achieve a significant advance toward identifying how and why a middle way poise between a relative more or less order seems to be nature’s optimum preference. As the quotes cite, while equilibrium, homogeneous conditions are widespread, many animate, cerebral and environmental situations exist in and benefit from a dynamic, non-equilibrium or heterogeneous mode. In technical terms, these tendencies are dubbed a self-organized criticality, aka chimera states. The paper makes a major point that such a phenomenal distinction, along with other reasons, can well explain this “sweet spot” universality that complex network systems from galactic clusters to communal groupings tend to seek and at best achieve.

But as we enter Autumn 2022, while these scientific findings converge as an epochal Earthuman synthesis, world political cultures, especially the USA, are a tragic aberration as the dual modes remain in polar, violent, opposition. By what cognitive imagination, say a Sophia, whole brain/mind sapiens, could ever these academic and public segments come together as me + We + US and turn to a better, hopeful future? See also Temporal Heterogeneity Improves Speed and Convergence in Genetic Algorithms at (2203.13194) and Temporal, Structural and Functional Heterogeneities Extend Criticality and Antifragility in Random Boolean Networks by this team at 2209.07505 by this collegial team.

Criticality states have been proposed as vital for the emergence of complexity, life, and computation, as it exhibits a balance between order and chaos. In classic models of complex systems where structure and dynamics are considered homogeneous, criticality is restricted to phase transitions. Many real-world complex systems, however, are not homogeneous as elements change in time faster than others, with slower main elements providing robustness, and faster ones being adaptive. Connectivity patterns are likely heterogeneous with few elements and many interactions. Our studies well support this distinction and the ubiquitous presence of heterogeneity across physical, biological, social and technological systems. (Abstract)

Phase transitions have been studied to describe changes in states of physical matte. They have also been more widely studied in dynamical systems such as vehicular traffic and are associated with scale invariance and complexity. Several examples of criticality in biological systems are neural activity, genetic regulatory networks, and collective motion. It is often argued that they are prevalent or desirable because they offer a balance between robustness and adaptability. If dynamics are too ordered, then information and functionality can be preserved, but it is difficult to adapt. The opposite occurs with more chaos: change allows for adaptability, but also leads to fragility and information loss. Thus, altogether for life, computation, and complex systems in general, critical dynamics should be favored by evolutionary processes. (1-2)

Sarkanych, Petro, et al. Network Analysis of the Kyiv Bylyny Cycle – East Slavic Epic Narratives. arXiv:2203.10399. This March 19 entry could not be more timely to an extent that our review could illume the historic, 20th to 21st century, homo to Earthropo sapience, complex network science ecosmic revolution. The authors are PS, and Yurij Holovatch (search) Doctoral College for the Statistical Physics of Complex Systems, National Scientific Academy of Ukraine; Nazar Fedorak, Ukrainian Catholic University; Padraig Maccarron, University of Limerick, Ireland; Josef Yose and Ralph Kenna (search) Coventry University, UK. With their veteran erudition, they bring a scholarship which can allow, perceive and verify a thousand heroic versions of gore and glory (little love) which yet hold to and manifest a common, fractal-like storyline with an array of iconic characters. But as March madness carnage engulfs Lviv, an ancient treasure, such an Earthuman learning, thinking faculty whom can witness these integral patterning is still unknown. For such reasons, we remain unable to add the evident presence of an independent, universal mathematic source code in genetic effect.

See also Narrative Structure of A Song of Ice and Fire Creates a Fictional World with Realistic Measures of Social Complexity by this open Eurasia group and Robin Dunbar, in PNAS (117/46, 2020), and Analysing International Events through the Lens of Statistical Physics: The Case of Ukraine by Massimiliano Zanin and Johann Martinez at 2203.07403.

A long contrast across still dark ages might become newly apparent. These ethnic, regional mythic tales represent our initial human encounters with and expressions of this dramatic, perilous, veiled existence. Many centuries later, an emergent Earthuman acumen and vista can now achieve a retrospective survey. But a consequent ecosmic revolution to an organic natural genesis has not yet been recognized. In this regard, a common, genetic-like astronomic to geonomic code from which the fractal fictions arise and are structured by can provide their natural authorship.

Apropos, I heard Joseph Campbell speak in 1964 at the Cooper Union forum in downtown NYC. (It was noted on the same floor boards that Abraham Lincoln stood a century earlier.) With his learned flourishes he regaled us with “heroic” sagas which could be seen to have a constant, thematic core. I can recall that he went on to say that a moment has long been ordained when the mysteries are to be opened and made clear to us. Some six decades on, might we late peoples be able to allow, imagine, and fulfill such a promise. Please see human-uniVerse, Family Ecosmos writings in the lead Great Earth 2022 essay.

Since the pioneering work of Joseph Campbell in the 1960's, universality emerged as an important qualitative notion in the field of comparative mythology. In recent times, the advent of network science permitted new quantitative approaches to literary studies. Here we bring the Kyiv bylyny cycle into the field -- East Slavic epic narratives originating in modern-day Ukraine. By comparison to other European epics, we can novel commonalities of social networks in bylyny. We analyse community structures and rank important characters. The method can define the solar position of Prince Volodymyr and show how the Kyiv cycle has affinities wih narrative networks from similar national tales. Besides new narratological insights, we hope this study will aid scholars and peoples to better appreciate Ukraine's heroic history. (Abstract excerpt) (We ought to notice that Putin’s brave adversary, the Ukrainian president is named Volodymyr.)

Many countries refer to iconic characters from the mythological or historical past. In his recent essay, “On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians”, V. Putin invoked the distant past when he said ”The spiritual choice made by St. Vladimir, the Grand Prince of Kiev, still stands today” such that “the idea of Ukrainian people as a nation separate from the Russians [has] no historical basis.” Putin’s erroneous view has been refuted in multiple quarters. The historian Timothy Snyder says of Putin: “He considers himself the second Volodymyr, and sees his task as completing his work.” However, as we note here, Prince Volodymyr is a solar character connected with people of different opinions. As for the heroic Ukarian bylyny cycle, we hope that a new narrative will become centered on a free and peaceful Kyiv. (17, 18)

Scharf, Caleb and Olaf Witkowski. Rebuilding the Habitable Zone from the Bottom Up with Computational Zones. arXiv:2303.16111. CS is now at NASA Goddard (see below, search) and OW is a University of Tokyo astrobiologist who introduce and exercise an array of novel insights about an essential nature of life and beingness, broadly conceived, so as to better find, perceive and understand. We offer these several quotes.

Computation, if treated as a set of physical processes that act on information represented by states of matter, encompasses biological, digital and other phases, and may be a fundamental measure of living systems. The opportunity for biological computation, via the propagation and selection-driven evolution of information-carrying organic molecular structures, has so far been applied to planetary habitable zones with conditions such as temperature and liquid water. Here a general concept is proposed by way of three features: capacity, energy, and substrate. (Excerpt)

Computational zones (CZ) are a natural generalization of the idea of habitable zones and can combine traditional approaches to habitability: including factors such as the liquid water HZ, free energy availability, elemental and chemical availability, historical contingency and the preexistence of living systems. Furthermore, while the classical notion of habitability is largely a ‘yes’ or ’no’ environmental division, computational zones may be almost indefinitely extensible, but will be modulated by energy availability and energy efficiency, along with total computational capacity as a property of the conditions of matter. (3-4; for example)

Shifting focus towards the piecewise processes of matter involved with life, articulated as computation, offers a natural way to move beyond the traditional concept of an astrophysical (or geophysical) habitable zone, towards a more universal and predictive framework. (22) Computation is robust yet constrained in our universe. Understanding and quantifying those constraints through the computational zones approach proposed in this paper may provide new clarity in the search for living systems, even in the event of them taking very different form. (23)

Caleb Scharf received his B.Sc. in physics from Durham University, and his Ph.D. in astronomy from the University of Cambridge. He did postdoctoral work in X-ray observational cosmology at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the Space Telescope Science Institute in Maryland. For some years he was at Columbia University and director of the Columbia Astrobiology Center. In 2022 he returned to NASA as a Senior Scientist for Astrobiology at the Ames Research Center.

Shettigar, Nandan, et al. On the Biophysicsl Complexity of Brain Dynamics. Dynamics. 2/2, 2022. Texas A & M University bioengineers led by Steve Suh (see website) post a 35 page, 245 reference latest review of our human cerebral faculty as it has now become quantified and understood by way of network multiplex topologies, information process capacities and a preferred self-organized criticality. A typical topic is Complex Global Multimodal Synchronization from Local Nonlinear Interactions. As the quotes allude, two decades into the 21st century, our personal cognitive endowment is found to organize itself so as to think and learn in a wild world. In regard, our emergent acumen (as well as our own selves) can be appreciated as an iconic exemplar of the whole genesis ecosmos from which it arose from.

By this stratified witness the same neural cognizance could be seen in effect as a global sapiensphere may just come to her/his own knowledge. For a current 2022 discovery event section, we pair this entry with Self-Organized Critical Dynamics as a Key to Fundamental Features of Complexity in Physical, Biological and Social Networks by B. Tadic and R. Melnik (herein) as prime, quantitative examples in our urgent midst.

The human brain is a complex network ensemble of the cumulative interactions of its cellular components by way of nonlinear multicellular higher-order collaborations. Thus, as a statistical physical system, complex global emergent network behaviors are produced which enable the highly dynamical, adaptive, and efficient response of a macroscopic brain network. These effects emerge in local synchronized clusters which altogether form a collective organization with hierarchical and self-similar structures. Here, we will provide an overview perspective from a biological and physical complex network basis along with their exemplary presence in all manner of cerebral forms and functions. and how these operate within the physical constraints of nature. (Abstract excerpt)

Thus, the brain can be conceptualized as a complex information processing unit, molding its neural physiology as an analog neural network. Processing information through a medium of intricately coupled local action potential interactions, neural circuitry orchestrates interactions across the hierarchical scales of the brain, which combine individual action into collective group order. The latter is typically seen in overall brain activities and behaviors and can be quantified by multiphase, multiscale structures. (19)

The brain refines a finite number of network configurations using a canonical, self-similar pattern and structure across its temporal and spatial scales. This directly corresponds to the statistically self-similar fractal nature of the brain. Self-similarity across the multivariate scales of the brain is therefore essential in supporting efficient dynamical transitions by directing chaotic bifurcations in its own hierarchical structure to effectively filter information throughout the scales of the brain while conserving resources through a self-similar organization. (26)

Global neural activity is not random but highly ordered due to hierarchical structures. Their recursive implementation from the micro to macro scales allows the brain to produce complex information representations via neural dynamics so to enable performan a wide range of activities. These forms entail self-similarity so to optimize energy consumption and maintain a balance between stable and flexible states. Moving towards a more general step, effectively administering control of the complexity present in the brain can also provide insights towards the nature of complexity in our universe. (27)

Sormunen, Silja, et al. Critical Drift in a Neuro-Inspired Adaptive Network. arXiv:2206.10315. After some years of worldwide study, SS and Jari Saramaki, Aalto University, Finland, along with Thilo Gross, University of Oldenburg, Germany agree, that cerebral activities do in fact seek and reside at a preferred self-organized poise. As the Abstract notes, it is now time to consider and explore the full operational, cognitive presence of this optimum feature. Our Universal Genesis view in mid 2022 might then report similar realizations from astrophysical realms to bicameral societies. A glimpse of an intrinsic self-organized criticality, aka nature’s complementary sweet spot, could begin to grace and advise these traumatic times.

It has been postulated that the brain operates in a self-organized critical state that brings multiple benefits, such as optimal sensitivity to input. Thus far, self-organized criticality has been depicted as a one-dimensional process, mainly with a single parameter tuned to a critical value. However, the number of adjustable facets in the brain is vast, and hence critical states can occupy a high-dimensional manifold inside a high-dimensional parameter space. Here, we show that adaptation rules inspired by homeostatic plasticity drive a neuro-inspired network to drift on a critical manifold, poised between inactivity and persistent activity. During the occasion, global network parameters continue to change while the system remains at criticality. (Abstract)

Tadic, Bosiljka and Roderick Melnik. Self-Organized Critical Dynamics as a Key to Fundamental Features of Complexity in Physical, Biological and Social Networks. Dynamics. 2/2, 2022. Senior theorists in Solvenia and Canada (see bio’s below and home websites) provide a select, consummate survey of 21st century worldwise multiplex non-equilibrium system studies as they may reach their current convergent, integrative syntheses across every spatial and temporal, uniVerse to humanVerse, domain. We pair the entry with On the Biological Complexity of Brain Dynamics by N. Shettigar, et al in this issue so as prime instances of a epochal discovery event in our midst. Herein the emphasis is on novel findings about nature’s consistent propensity to seek and reside at an optimum mid-point balance between more or less relative coherence. The paper reviews technical attributes such as self-similarity, power laws, multifractal landscapes, simplicial networks, collective behaviors and all else. As one reads along, the text reiterates the cerebral descriptions in the other paper. That is to say, our Earthropocene sapience, as it learns and thinks on its own, can has well found and defined the presence of a familial genetic-like code which universally recurs in kind everywhere.

Studies of many complex systems have revealed new collective behaviours that emerge through the mechanisms of self-organised critical fluctuations. These collective states with long-range spatial and temporal correlations often arise from an external dynamic drive with an intrinsic nonlinearity and geometric interactions. The self-similarity of critical fluctuations enables us to describe natural systems using fewer parameters and universal functions that can then simplify the computational and information complexity. Current research on self-organised critical systems across many scales strives to formulate a unifying mathematical framework by way of critical universal properties in information theory. Through physical, biological, and social network exemplars, we show how a constant self-organised criticality occurs at the interplay of the complex topology and driving mode. (Abstract excerpt)

This feature article has two goals. Firstly, we give a brief survey of a diversity of current research trends of SOC systems across different scales and types of interactions. Secondly, we present new results on the field-driven spin dynamics in complex nano-networks, an appearing prominent example of SOC behaviour induced by the substrate’s geometry. Using several representative examples of SOC systems of different nature and interaction patterns, we highlight some fundamental aspects of the dynamic complexity. (3)

The SOC occurs in many complex systems and networks at various scales, types of interactions, and intrinsic dynamics. They all obey some universal behaviours that can be captured by the properties of the emergent critical states. These are the long-range correlations, fractality, avalanching dynamics and scale invariance. It has been understood that these properties of the critical states can provide a deeper understanding of different aspects of complexity. In particular, recent research on various SPA models and real-world systems strives to underpin self-organised critical behaviour in the mechanisms underlying the emergence of new collective features, essential for the physical and biological complexity. They also provide a more transparent structure of information stored in the critical state and reduced computational complexity. In the context of complexity, understanding the role of various geometrical constraints in the critical dynamics and hidden geometry features that enable competing interactions at different scales are of paramount importance. (13-14)

Bosiljka Tadic is a theoretical physicist at the Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana who researches the intrinsic nature of complex systems and networks. Her studies involve the statistical physics of cooperative phenomena from functional brain networks to emotional behaviors in Internet societies. In regard, she has published over 120 technical papers.

Roderick Melnik is internationally regarded for his work in applied mathematics, and numerical analysis and a Canada Research Chair in Mathematical Modeling and Professor at Wilfrid Laurier University. He was born in the Ukraine and earned his doctorate at the National University of Kyiv. (I was unaware of his bio as I chose to highlight the paper, which is so appropriate for this knowledge vs. madness moment.)

Teuscher, Christof. Revisiting the Edge of Chaos: Again?.. Biosystems. May, 2022. The veteran Portland State University systems theorist looks back over the course of this perception all the way to Stuart Kauffman’s autocatalysis whereof life prefers to seek and reside at an active poise between more or less order. Albeit along the way there were doubts, problems and variations, but it can indeed once more be affirmed that this optimum balance does seem to be in prevalent effect across much natural and social phenomena. Which into 2022, with L. da Costa and myriad other confirmations, would constitute an epochal, salutary discovery.

Does biological computation happen at some sort of “edge of chaos”, a dynamical regime somewhere between order and chaos? And if so, is this a fundamental principle that underlies self-organization, evolution, and complex natural and artificial systems that are subjected to adaptation? In this article, we will review the literature on the fundamental principles of computation in natural and artificial systems at the “edge of chaos”. The term was coined by Norman Packard in the late 1980s. Since then, the concept of “adaptation to the edge of chaos” was demonstrated and investigated in many fields where both simple and complex systems receive some sort of feedback. Besides reviewing both historic and recent literature, we will also review critical voices of the concept. (Excerpt)

Tononi, Giulio, et al.. Only What Exists can Cause: An Intrinsic View of Free Will. arXiv:2206.02069. premier team of GT, Larissa Albantakis, Chiara Cirelli, and Melanie Boly, University of Wisconsin, along with Christof Koch, Allen Institute for Brain Science continue to advance this Integrated Information Theory view as it gains a popular validity. In regard, a table of Axioms: the essential properties of phenomenal existence by way of Intrinsicality, Composition, Information, and Exclusion is entered. A table of Postulates: physical existence then shows how the same qualities can be traced to a deep natural basis. As this section reports, since circa 2008 these developments seem to well define a parallel ascent of informed complexity and knowing consciousness.

This essay addresses the implications of integrated information theory (IIT) for free will. IIT is about what consciousness is and how it occurs. According to IIT, the presence of aware sentience is accounted for by a maximum of cause-effect power in the brain. Thus the way specific experiences feel is due to how that cause-effect power is structured. If IIT is right, we do have free will in the fundamental sense: we have real alternatives, we make decisions, and we - not our neurons or atoms - are the cause of willed actions responsibilities. IIT's claim of true free will is based on the proper understanding of consciousness drawn from its intrinsic powers ontology: what truly exists, in physical terms, are intrinsic entities. (Abstract)

Udrescu, Silviu-Marian, et al. AI Feynman 2.0: Pareto Optimal Symbolic Regression Exploiting Graph Modularity. arXiv:2006,10762. MIT and Stanford physicists including Max Tegmark conceive and employ further effective techniques that can inform and serve this global computational ascent.

We present an improved method for symbolic regression that seeks to fit data to formulas that are Pareto-optimal and have the best accuracy for a given complexity. We develop a method for discovering generalized symmetries (arbitrary modularity in the computational graph of a formula) from gradient properties of a neural network fit. We use normalizing flows to generalize and aid probability distributions for which we only have samples, along with statistical hypothesis testing. (Excerpt)

Van der Kolk,, Jasper, et al. Emergence of Geometric Turing Patterns in Complex Networks. arXiv:2211.11311. In November 2022, five Spanish systems theorists including Angeles Serrano and Marian Boguna post an extensive study about how various spatial topologies and shape-shiftings can lead to a wide array of morphogenetic effects across physical, biological and neural phenomena. A further deep affirmation of nature’s invariant, connective vitalities is evidently achieved, once more to prove the independent, ubiquitous presence in kind of these genotype-like mathematics. See also Network Geometry at (2001.03241) and Network Cosmology (1310.6272) by this collegial group.

The Turing instability due competing species of diffusive particles is an important framework for describing non-equilibrium self-organization across chemical and biological systems. These patterns have recently been observed in large complex networks with scale-free degree distributions and the small world property. In this work we study geometric random graph models, where the network topology arises from the fact that nodes live in an underlying similarity space. These results indicate that there is a profound connection between network functions and its hidden reaction-diffusion processes. (Excerpt)

Vujovic, Filip, et al. Cellular Self-Organization: An Overdrive in Cambrian Diversity? BioEssays. July, 2022. University of Sydney system biophysicians contribute another frontier perception of life’s evolutionary motive occasion as more primarily due to these mathematic procreative agencies, rather than post-selection alone. Their certain subject area is this profuse emergence some 540 mys ago. Some sections are Self-Organization: A Decentralized Algorithm to Transform Chaos into Predictability, Self-Organization and Emergence of Morphological Patterns and Emergence of Form and Function in Cellular Self-Organization. Along with 135 references, graphic displays show how this deep drive (natural genesis) provides a formative, organismic effect prior to selection.

See also The Phanerozoic Aftermath of the Cambrian Information Revolution by Shannon Hsieh, et al in Paleobiology, (48/3, 2022) about a concurrent cerebral and cognitive florescence within this expansive era and Self-Organization as a New Paradigm in Evolutionary Biology, Anne Malasse, ed., for a 2022 book-length report of life’s innate creative source. (See V. Evolution for more.)

Webb, Richard, ed. Consciousness. New Scientist Essential Guide. Volume 12, 2022. The British science writer achieves a wide-ranging, update survey and synthesis as an Earthuman acumen presently traces and fills in a long continuity from an ecosmic realm to our nascent awakenings. Six sections - What is Consciousness, Conscious Minds, Your Conscious Self, Sleep and Dreaming, Altered States, and Consciousness and Reality – span vital aspects that they involve. A deeply physical rooting for knowing sentience is braced by vignettes of and essays by leading players such as David Chalmers, Christof Koch, Anil Seth, David Bor (Consciousness is About Combining Information) and others.

Throughout my quest (Christof Koch) to understand consciousness, have never lost sense of living in a magical universe. I do believe that some deep and organizing principle created the universe and set it in motion with a purpose. A pioneering generation of stars had to die in a spectacular supernova to seed space with the heavier elements needed for the rise of self-replicating chemicals on a rocky planet orbiting a young star at just the right distance. The competitive pressures of natural selection led to the accession of creatures with nervous systems. As their complexity grew to huge proportions, some of the entities evolved the ability to reflect on themselves, and to contemplate their beautiful but cruel world. But I do believe that the laws of physics favored the emergence of consciousness, and that these laws will lead us to a complete knowledge of it.

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