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VIII. Earth Earns: An Open CoCreative Earthropocene to Astropocene PediaVerse

A. The Old World: Its Archaic, Polar, War Torn, Rapacious Critical Life Support Condition

Calvin, William. Global Fever: How to Treat Climate Change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008. The University of Washington neurobiologist builds on the insights of James Lovelock and Al Gore that our encompassing biosphere ought to be rightly considered in terms of its physiological health. By so doing, this planetary organism Gaia is found to run a temperature of unknown severity, due much to unconstrained warming effects of human civilization.

Carey, John. Global Warming. Business Week. August 16, 2004. . An executive summary of real world issues and a sample of appropriate responses to this impending impact. Of course unchecked industrial pollution is a major cause of the problem.

Cirincione, Joseph, et al. Deadly Arsenals: Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Threats. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005. A compendium of the latest efforts to keep these weapons from swamping the world, and worse their rogue government or terrorist use. The website www.proliferationnews.org also posts much current information and events in this regard.

Cooper, Helene. The War of the Future: Picture Big Armies and Many Fronts. New York Times. June 11,, 2016. This item is cited as an example into the 21st century of our mindless obsession with military conflict as normal, heroic service, which achieves something, without ever asking, as this late Earth hour, what are we fighting over, however might a common ascent to a planetary patriotism in a conducive cosmos be made.

From the Middle East to South Asia to Africa, American forces for the past decade and a half have fought counterinsurgency and counterterrorist campaigns — essentially smaller-scale guerrilla warfare — rather than the large land wars of the past. But Russia’s invasion of Crimea, a surging China and an unpredictable North Korea have led American military commanders to make sure soldiers, sailors, airmen and Marines are trained in conventional warfare. It is part of learning how to fight what the Pentagon calls the hybrid wars of the future, envisioned as a mix of conventional battles, insurgencies and cyberthreats. Future wars, he (Gen. Mark Milley) said, “could have conventional forces, Special Forces, guerrillas, terrorists, criminals all mixed together in a highly complex terrain environment, with potentially high densities of civilians.” In recent months the Army has held training exercises with hundreds of troops, tanks, drones, missiles and armored vehicles clashing against a supposed enemy force with similar abilities.

Costanza, Robert, et al, eds. Sustainability or Collapse?: An Integrated History and Future of People on Earth. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2007. The report of a 2005 Dahlem (Berlin) round-robin workshop by an international cast on how to comprehend and get in front of so many pressing environmental urgencies. In the vein of Jared Diamond’s Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, the task was divided into three time spans: the last 10,000, 1,000, and 100 years. These historic spans provide a context to guide future remediations and globally integrated programs founded upon respectful human-biosphere interrelations. Typical papers are Climate, Complexity, and Problem Solving in the Roman Empire by Joseph Tainter and Carole Crumley; The Lie of History: Nation-States and the Contradictions of Complex Societies by Fekri Hassan; and A Decadal Chronology of 20th Century Changes in Earth’s Natural Systems by Nathan Nantua. But the whole effort goes on without any wonderment of an abiding, conducive cosmology whereof people have a phenomenal evolutionary role to intentionally take up and maintain a biosphere homeostasis.

Davenport, Coral and Kendra Pierre-Louis. U.S. Climate Report Warns of Damaged Environment and Shrinking Economy. New York Times. November 24, 2018. A front page headline about a penultimate document entitled the Fourth National Climate Assessment which details brute evidence from hurricanes in Florida and fires in California to every erratic weather event in between that an epic unmitigated peril is occurring in our midst. This is Volume II, after a 2107 Climate Science Special Report, as a mandated culmination of the Global Change Research Act of 1990. The 1500 page report, which can be accessed from this article, stresses that much more damage will be done to any economy by the longer it is denied and ignored. This large document appears concurrently with another noted in the November 2018 Nature Climate Change article by Camila Mora, et al herein.

Diamond, Jared. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. New York: Viking, 2005. In this major contribution, the UCLA anthropologist roams across centuries and continents to find case studies of large and small civilizations that either failed to survive in the face of change and threat or did overcome through perceptive, agreed adaptation. Insightful contrasts are the opposite fates of Haiti and the Dominican Republic on their same Caribbean island or Norse and indigenous settlements on Greenland as forestation and climates changed. Past collapses such as Mayan culture or Easter Island sets the scene for modern societies variously exemplified by Rwanda, China and Australia.

Diamond’s brief is that the more people are informed and aware of the situation, the better chance we have of making the right choices. Corporations, for example, can be part of the problem if myopically self-serving or as good business practice become environmentally responsible. In conclusion, the Netherlands is seen as a microcosm of effective land and sea management which needs to be carried out on an enlightened, cooperative planetary scale. But it will be a close call between Hummers or hybrids.

Editorial, Staff. Crossroads for Planet Earth. Scientific American. September, 2005. A special issue of nine authoritative articles on the intersecting issues that need to be addressed if humanity is not to collapse but succeed and flourish. The Climax of Humanity by George Musser is followed by, for example, Joel Cohen on population trends, Jeffery Sachs on fighting poverty, pathways to renewable energy by Amory Lovins, and Herman Daly on sustainable economics. But the all writers are men, after this necessary analysis we still lack a common, meaningful vision of the cosmic phenomenon and purpose of human and earthkind.

Ellis, Erle, et al. Used Planet: A Global History. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110/7978, 2013. As if a Whole Earth retrospective, University of Maryland, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, University College London, University of Wisconsin, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, and Amsterdam Global Change Institute, environmental geographers view from our late 21st century the environmental effects of thousands of years of human migratory habitation from hunter/gatherer and agrarian to industrial civilization. It is then obvious that a novel phase of intentional remediation and organic sustainability is imperative.

Human use of land has transformed ecosystem pattern and process across most of the terrestrial biosphere, a global change often described as historically recent and potentially catastrophic for both humanity and the biosphere. Interdisciplinary paleoecological, archaeological, and historical studies challenge this view, indicating that land use has been extensive and sustained for millennia in some regions and that recent trends may represent as much a recovery as an acceleration. Here we synthesize recent scientific evidence and theory on the emergence, history, and future of land use as a process transforming the Earth System and use this to explain why relatively small human populations likely caused widespread and profound ecological changes more than 3,000 y ago, whereas the largest and wealthiest human populations in history are using less arable land per person every decade. Contrasting two spatially explicit global reconstructions of land-use history shows that reconstructions incorporating adaptive changes in land-use systems over time, including land-use intensification, offer a more spatially detailed and plausible assessment of our planet's history, with a biosphere and perhaps even climate long ago affected by humans. Although land-use processes are now shifting rapidly from historical patterns in both type and scale, integrative global land-use models that incorporate dynamic adaptations in human–environment relationships help to advance our understanding of both past and future land-use changes, including their sustainability and potential global effects. (Abstract)

Flannery, Tim. Here on Earth: A Natural History of the Planet. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2011. The Australian naturalist, finder of new species, environmental activist, author of clarion call The Weather Makers (2006), offers a grand scenario of our whole ovular world through space and time. The place, dream, and fate of the Earth is traced from galaxy to Gaia, a planetary vista to reconstruct how we all came to be here. Opening chapters set up a novel contrast between the dual discovers of evolution, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. While Darwin is now equated with individual competition, an attributed legacy rather than his actual view, Wallace, a spiritualist in later years, is aligned with cooperation. In this regard, it is life’s real recurrent tendency to join in symbiotic, mutual assemblies that should merit more attention. We people are emergent microcosmic composites of each prior stage, who today need aspire and ascend to a unified ecosphere, at once ethnic and earthling.

But after 150 pages of lucidly recounting an evolutionary and historical course from molecule to metropolis, from the latter 20th century on a grave peril threatens. The next 100 pages with chapters such as War Against Nature, Gaia-killers, The Eleventh Hour?, Undoing the Work of Ages, lament a toxic, rapacious, military-industrial civilization bent on destruction. Taken to further task are a plethora of weapons, financial greed, war as a way of life and death. Shall earth’s future be that of a viable Gaia, or with geologist Peter Ward, a desolate Medea.

To move toward solutions, Flannery proceeds to broach an array of imaginative solutions. Surely a really cooperative Governance beyond sovereign nations is in order. The informational Internet could be better availed to augur an earthwide Intelligence. Chapter 22, Restoring the Life Force, urges dedicated efforts to heal soil, sea, and sky. But an unexpected dimension is lastly added. Nature’s emphatic cooperation from microbes to animals, onto groups, troops and communities, ought to be intentionally carried forth to an “Ultimate Superorganism,” a recreated worldwide biological, personal, cultural, and ecological viability. As the quote notes, rather than a human blight or cancer, we may actually reach an hour of nativity or hatching, therefore choose Earth.

James Lovelock believes that Gaia is already very old, frail, and susceptible to human-caused upsets. But the Gaia that emerges from this study is more akin to a new born babe. All newborns have new-formed brains, nervous systems and bodies, but these are yet to be fully integrated so self-control and self-awareness remain rudimentary. Infancy is the most dangerous period of life, and the threats to our global civilization that must be faced during this century of decision will provide challenges enough. (279)

Flannery, Tim. The Weather Makers. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2006. When we get our morning weather report, its extreme conditions are increasingly of our own influence. On a planet seen as an organic Gaian biosphere, its atmosphere and climate will presently spiral out of control if humankind does not take notice and deliberate moderate energy and material consumption.

Friedman, Lisa. Government Report Finds Drastic Impact of Climate Change on U.S. New York Times. August 8, 2017. A news notice about the latest 545 page U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report accessed by the NYT. Premier authorities from NOAA, NASA and each relevant agency, along with Universities from Columbia to Alaska have validated real, catastrophic effects in evidence or soon to come (notably the Texas monsoon). Fifteen chapters run from Our Globally Changing Climate to Droughts, Floods, and Hydrology to Potential Surprised: Compound Extremes and Tipping Points. While funded by taxpayers, a public access may yet be blocked by the Trump administration due to biases, cross purposes, misunderstandings and denials. But thanks to the NYT, it can be reached by a link in this article.

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