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V. Life's Corporeal Evolution Develops, Encodes and Organizes Itself: An Earthtwinian Genesis Synthesis2. Microbial Colonies Niu, Ben, et al. Bacterial Foraging Based Approaches to Portfolio Optimization with Liquidity Risk. Neurocomputing. 98/90, 2012. An apropos entry for this section as Chinese computer scientists draw upon microbial colonies seen as an archetypal example of successful self-organizing systems. In regard, they are availed to similarly guide such financial foraging. FYI, the February 2013 issue of this journal is about “Advances in Extreme Learning Machines.” This website indeed forages the vast Rosetta-like literature now readily online - what discoveries might we altogether glean? Norris, Vic. Hypothesis: bacteria live on the edge of phase transitions with a cell cycle regulated by a water-clock. Theory in Biosciences. November, 2024. The University of Rouen, France systems biologist (search) proposes a latest explanatory synthesis for active microbial colonies by way of life’s basic fluidity in accord with dynamic physical principles. A fundamental issue in biology is how cells obtain the reproducible, coherent phenotypes needed for natural selection. Bacteria, like eukaryotic cells, contain scores of structural macromolecule assemblies whose existence and function depends on phase transitions. Here, I propose an explanatory water-clock hypothesis in which cells use water to generate phenotypes by living “on the edge of phase transitions.” I give an example of the bacterial cell cycle and show how it brings together a range of diverse findings about microbes, phase transitions and water which can be integrated with biophysical differentiation, metabolism and the origins of life. (Excerpt) Okie, Jordan, et al. Major Evolutionary Transitions of Life, Metabolic Scaling and the Number and Size of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 283/20160611, 2016. Biologists Okie, Arizona State University, with Val Smith, University of Kansas, and Merccedes Martin-Cereceda, Complutense University of Madrid, suggest that endosymbiosis effects (as the late Lynn Margulis professed for decades) play a leading role in the evolutionary advances of free-living and communal bacteria. Penny, David. An Interpretive Review of the Origin of Life Research. Biology and Philosophy. 20/4, 2005. An extensive survey based on life as a natural property of matter. Four approaches are considered: the RNA-world hypothesis, intermediates between an RNA-world and organisms today via the evolution of protein synthesis, alternatives to an RNA-world, and the earliest stages from prebiotic systems to RNA. Penny concludes: My favored analysis at present is ‘metabolism, energy and organization first, metabolism makes RNA, RNA makes protein, and protein makes DNA.’ Pichards, Thomas, et al. Single Cell Ecology. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 374/2019.0076, 2019. An introduction to a special issue of papers from a December 2018 two day meeting as multicellular, mammalian human beings collectively proceed to confer, quantify and reconstruct about how early life came to arise from prokaryote bacteria and eukaryote nucleates. We note Multicellular Behavior Enables Cooperation in Microbial Cell Aggregates by Ali Ebrahimi, et al, A Single-Cell Genome Perspective on Intracellular Associations in Eukaryotes by Tomas Tyml, et al, and Combining Morphology, Behavior and Genomics to Understand the Evolution and Ecology of Microbes. This Single Cell Ecology interdisciplinary meeting will explore the use of single cell technologies to understand the function, diversity and interactions of microbes. By bringing together physicists who manipulate cells, microbiologists who seek to understand the nature of microbial communities and genomicists who are developing new approaches to study individual cells we will achieve a greater understanding of the potential of this new field. (Original 2018 abstract) Puri, Devina and Kyle Allison. Escherichia coli self-organizes developmental rosettes. PNAS. 121/23, 2024. Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology biomedical engineers are able to discern the further presence of these cellular metabolic patternings in a prokaryotic microbe. Akin to embryonic somitogenesis, living systems of every kind are being found to to arrange and array themselves by way of iconic similarities. Rosettes are self-organizing, circular multicellular communities that initiate developmental processes like organogenesis and embryogenesis in complex organisms. Though common in eukaryotes, this multicellular behavior has not been reported in bacteria. In this study, we found that Escherichia coli forms rosettes by active sister-cell repositioning. We went on to show that proper rosette formation was required for morphogenesis of multicellular chains, rpoS gene expression, and hydrostatic clonal-chain biofilms. These findings establish self-organization of clonal rosettes by a prokaryote and have implications for evolutionary biology, synthetic biology, and medical microbiology. (Excerpt) Rainey, Paul and Katrina Rainey. Evolution of Cooperation and Conflict in Experimental Bacterial Populations. Nature. 425/72, 2003. Laboratory studies find a deep tendency to form higher levels of multi-cellular complexity and individuality. Roy, Anjan, et al.. A Unifying Autocatalytic Network-based Framework for Bacterial Growth Laws. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 118/33, 2021. Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste identify how such self-assembly processes are in common metabolic effect across the prokaryotic domains. See also Growth-laws and Invariants from Ribosome Biogenesis in Lower Eukarya by Sarah Kostinski and Shlomi Reuveni at arXiv:2008.11697. In the clash between the physics-inspired strive for simple underlying laws of bacterial physiology and the biological hard-won understanding of the intricacies of life, we end in a middle ground. On one hand, we have found valid and simple growth laws. On the other hand, we demonstrated that the validity of a given growth law does not fully reveal the physiological state of the cell. Understanding how the cellular state is determined in response to internal and external cues, and how evolutionary stresses shaped different schemes for determining it, remains a formidable challenge. (10) Sapp, Jan. The New Foundations of Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. The York University biologist and historian, in collaboration with Carl Woese who writes a Foreword, achieves a novel extension and rooting of life's evolutionary "tree" and taxonomy in the vast prokaryotic microbial realms as revealed by the latest science of "molecular phylogenetics." Schleper, Christa and Filipa Sousa. Meet the Relatives of Our Cellular Ancestor. Nature. 577/519, 2020. University of Vienna, Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Group bioscientists cite a paper, Isolation of an Archaeon at the Prokaryote-Eukaryote Interface by Hiroyuki Imachi, et al in the same issue, as a significant quantification of how rudimentary microbal cells seem to have internal propensity (drive) to become nucleated cells on their long course to multicellularity. Microorganisms related to lineages of the Asgard archaea group are thought to have evolved into complex eukaryotic cells. Now the first Asgard archaeal species to be grown in the laboratory reveals its metabolism and cell biology. Shapiro, James. Thinking about Bacterial Populations as Multicellular Organisms. Annual Review of Microbiology. 52/81, 1998. James Shapiro of the University of Chicago and its Complex Adaptive Systems Ecology consortium has long advocated the cooperative view of bacterial colonies. In this chapter, microbial genetic networks are seen to contrast with particulate genes as quantum physics is to classical mechanics. Sheldrake, Merlin. Entangled Life: How Fungi Make Our Worlds, Change Our Minds & Shape Our Futures. New York: Random House, 2021. The author has a doctorate in biology from Cambridge University and is now a researcher at the Free University of Amsterdam, amongst many other endeavors For more about him and his luminous family see The Man Who Turned the World on to the Genius of Fungi by Jennifer Kahn in the New York Times (June 6, 2023, herein). Well informed and written chapters include Living Labyrinths, Mycellial Minds, and Wood Wide Web which, akin to Suzanne Simard’s Finding the Mother Tree, scope out this unknown. vibrant intimacy that sustains forest and field and our own fungal-like expression.
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