Recent Additions: New and Updated Entries in the Past 60 Days
Displaying entries 16 through 30 of 62 found.

Ecosmos: A Revolutionary Fertile, Habitable, Solar-Bioplanet Incubator Lifescape

Peng, Ji, et al. Signal Propagation in Complex Networks. Physics Reports. May, 2023. Ten global theorists including Matjaz Perc and Jurgen Kurths provide an extensive Volume 1017 on this propensity of natural, personal and societal interconnectivities, each in some cerebral way, to take on dynamic, oscillatory, multiplex communications. So into these 2020s, the more we can altogether learn, understand, avail, guide, manage about these agencies and realities the better.

Collective behavior is the hallmark of complex systems, and as such, it has attracted much attention during the past two decades. It is an emergent phenomenon that is due to the interactions between many units that make up complex systems, be it neurons in the brain or ants in an anthill, as well as due to external disturbances that often act upon them. Most importantly, collective behavior is often universal in nature, such that models describing. (Introduce)

Freivogel, Ben. Making Predictions in the Multiverse. arXiv:1105.0244. This entry by a MIT physicist is a good summary from a decade ago as the 21st century multiuniversal vision of their bubbling occasion appeared to allow a widest array of variable parameters. Into this 2023 the latest collegial papers by McCullen Sandora et al (see herein) can proceed with their deepest material and energetic quantifications. It remains as a challenge in our humanverse discovery decade to get to the point and purpose.

I describe reasons to think we are living in an eternally inflating multiverse where the observable "constants" of nature vary from place to place. The major obstacle to making predictions in this context is that we must regulate the infinities of eternal inflation. I review a number of proposed regulators, or measures. Recent work has ruled out a number of measures by showing that they conflict with observation, and focused attention on a few proposals. Further, several different measures have been shown to be equivalent. I describe some of the many nontrivial tests these measures will face as we learn more from theory, experiment, and observation. (BF abstract)

Scharpe, Charlie, et al. On Cosmological Low Entropy after the Big Bang: Universal Expansion and Nucleosynthesis. arXiv:2302.03988.. CS, a University of Sydney astronomer, is joined by US colleagues Luke Barnes and Geraint Lewis so to continue their whole scale studies across these widest spacescapes. Along with M. Sandora et al (search), an ecosmic scenario proceeds apace with its own internal self-description, which it seems to require, by virtue of our incredible Earthuman expertise.

We investigate the sensitivity of a universe's nuclear entropy after Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) to variations in both the baryon-to-photon ratio and the temporal evolution of cosmological expansion. We find that, while the post-BBN nuclear entropy is indeed linked to baryogenesis and the Universe's expansion history, the requirement of leftover light elements does not place strong constraints on the properties of these two cosmological processes. (Excerpt)

Elouard, Cryil, et al.. Extending the Laws of Thermodynamics for Arbitrary Autonomous Quantum Systems.. PRX Quantum. 4/020309, 2023. INRIA and CNRS, Lyon, France physicists contribute more technical reasons by which to appreciate that nature’s deepest substantial phase can exhibit the same classical, three law macro realm, as my 1960 engineering textbook did for steam power plants.

Originally formulated for macroscopic machines, the laws of thermodynamics were recently found to hold for quantum systems coupled to ideal sources of work (external classical fields) and heat (systems at equilibrium). Here we show that energy exchanges between arbitrary quantum systems are well structured by standard principles. We first generalize the second law and identify work and heat exchanges. We illustrate our general laws whereby the roles of heat and work sources are played by elementary quantum systems. Our results open perspectives unto the energetic performances of realistic quantum devices, at any scale. (Excerpt)

Dufour, Dufour and Steven Chamley. New Bistable Solutions in Molecular Cloud Chemistry: Nitrogen and Carbon Autocatalysis. arXiv:2304.14477. NASA Goddard astrochemists describe further quantifications of these self-making biocreative processes across the celestial raiment. As a quote adds, a natural affinity can then be viewed with life’s Earthly developmental evolution.

Nonlinear chemical systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium, such as those commonly found in astrophysical environments, can in principle exhibit multistability and complex dynamical evolution, including bistability, oscillations and chaos. Many chemical models of dense interstellar clouds have been developed since the early 1970s with astrochemical bistability first detected as steady-state solutions to their gas-phase kinetics. When a bifurcation occurs as a control parameter is varied, a nonlinear system may switch from a single stable solution to multiple simultaneous possible solutions, among which two at least are stable. (1) The fact that several autocatalyses are embedded in gas-phase interstellar chemistry, and yet only become active for certain combinations of the external control parameters, is consistent with the definition of autocatalysis in general chemical systems. (11)

Gagrani, Praful. et al. The geometry and combinatorics of an autocatalytic ecology in chemical and cluster chemical reaction networks. arXiv:2303.14238. As an instance of a unified 2023 integrity in the making, this entry by University of Wisconsin biochemists including Eric Smith illumes a thorough confirmation of nature’s insistent propensity to evolve and procreate by all manner of ecosmo-poietic, self-initiated and process viabilities. A content table has sections like Autocatalytic Cycles, An Algorithmic Organization, Cluster Networks, Mathematical Bases and Future Progress. See also Bifurcation in Cellular Evolution by Diego Radillo-Ochoa, et al herein for another citation. As these current papers altogether attest, since the 1970s (S. Kauffman) a growing observance and record of life’s developmental emergence by way of internal agencies seems at last to have matured unto an evident discovery.

Developing a mathematical understanding of autocatalysis in chemical reaction networks has both theoretical and practical implications. For a certain “stoichiometric” autocatalysis, we show that it is possible to locate them in equivalence classes and quantify their behavior. We define cluster chemical reaction networks, so to coarse-grain via conservation laws. We find that the list of minimal autocatalytic subnetworks in a maximum cluster chemical reaction network grows exponentially in the number of species. (Excerpt)

Radillo-Ochoa, Diego, et al. Bifurcation in Cellular Evolution. Physica A. Vol. 615, 2023. As the quotes explain, this paper in a 20th century Physics journal by Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Colima, Spain biotheorists identifies one more way to by which to validate a pervasive biochemical reactive catalysis in vivifying effect.

Aspects of cell metabolism are modeled by differential equations which describe the change of intracellular chemical concentrations. There is a correspondence between this dynamical system and a complex network which can evolve by the iterative addition of edges. In this work it is shown that modifications to a graph topology by gradual mutations can form a connected a percolation--like phase transition. This activity is mapped into a bifurcation in the intracellular dynamics as a shortcut in biological evolution, so a probable metabolic state switches from cellular stagnation to exponential growth. (Abstract)

The drastic change in cellular metabolism by minor modifications makes the cell resistant to external influences, enables it to reach the emergence of complex small–world and hierarchical structures as auto–catalytic cycles and produce several biological responses individually or as a collective behavior. Since there would be many paths leading toward the metabolic bifurcation, then the new phenotype could be viewed as an inevitable outcome of evolution. (9, edits)

Gwenaelie, Dufour and Steven Chamley.. New Bistable Solutions in Molecular Cloud Chemistry: Nitrogen and Carbon Autocatalysis. arXiv:2304.14477. NASA Goddard astrochemists quantify a presence of these self-making biocreative processes even across the interstellar celestial raiment. As a quote adds, a natural affinity can then be viewed with life’s Earthly developmental evolution.

We have studied interstellar clouds and found new bistable solutions in the nitrogen and carbon chemistries. The reactions for carbon chemistry occur at low densities and high ionization fractions that are not compatible with cold, dense clouds. Bistability in the pure nitrogen chemistry occurs for conditions that are relevant for prestellar cores in which CO depletion has taken place. We conclude that several autocatalyses are embedded in gas-phase interstellar chemistry and that many more are potentially present. (Abstract)

Nonlinear chemical systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium, such as those commonly found in astrophysical environments, can in principle exhibit multistability and complex dynamical evolution, including bistability, oscillations and chaos. Many chemical models of dense interstellar clouds have been developed since the early 1970s with astrochemical bistability first detected as steady-state solutions to their gas-phase kinetics. When a bifurcation occurs as a control parameter is varied, a nonlinear system may switch from a single stable solution to multiple simultaneous possible solutions, among which two at least are stable. (1) The fact that several autocatalyses are embedded in gas-phase interstellar chemistry, and yet only become active for certain combinations of the external control parameters, is consistent with the definition of autocatalysis in general chemical systems. (11)

Ozturk, S. Furkan, et al. Origin of Biological Homochirality by Crystallization of an RNA Precursor. arXiv:2303.01394. Harvard University and MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK including Dimitar Sasselov and John Sunderland describe a breakthrough method to explain how this intrinsic organic status can plausibly occur across a fertile ecosmic milieu.

Homochirality is a signature of life on Earth yet its origins remain a puzzle. Achieving homochirality is essential for prebiotic networks capable of producing functional polymers like RNA and peptides. Here we studied the spin-selective crystallization of racemic ribo aminooxazoline (RAO) on magnetite surfaces to reach a high enantiomeric excess. Our work combines two features for vital homochirality: chiral symmetry-breaking and self-amplification by RAO conglomerate crystallization. (Excerpt)

Ozturk, S. Furkan, et al. Origin of Biological Homochirality by Crystallization of an RNA Precursor on a Magnetic Surface. arXiv:2303.0194. We cite thie entry by Harvard University and Cambridge MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, UK astrobiologists including Dimitar Sasselov to report an inherent way that living, evolving, beings seem meant to appear, evolve, and just now retrospectively turn in wonder to quantify how it all came to happen.

Homochirality is a signature of life on Earth which is essential for a high-yielding prebiotic network to produce functional polymers like ribonucleic acid (RNA) and peptides. However, a prebiotically plausible explanation has not yet been shown. Here we enlist the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect so to establish a strong coupling between electron spin and molecular chirality and a way for breaking the chiral molecular symmetry by spin-selective processes. Magnetic surfaces can be templates for the enantioselective crystallization of chiral molecules. Our results demonstrate a prebiotically plausible way of achieving systems level homochirality from completely racemic starting materials. (Excerpt)

Taniguchi, Kotomi, et al. Carbon-Chain Chemistry in the Interstellar Medium.. arXiv:2303.15769. Some fifty years after their first notice, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan and Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden review the ever-growing organic presence of such life-bearing biochemicals across the galactic realms. A half century on, it has become increasingly evident and persuasive that a fertile ecosmic conducive milieu indeed has a phenomenal existence.

The presence of carbon-chain molecules in the interstellar and galactic medium has been known since the 1970s and over 100 such species have been identified to date. They provide vital information on physical conditions, gas dynamics, and evolutionary stages of star-forming regions. More complex species of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fullerenes have been detected in circumstellar envelopes around carbon-rich Asymptotic Giant Branch stars and planetary nebulae. This article updates carbon-chain molecules via observational studies, chemical simulations, quantum calculations, and laboratory experiments. (Excerpt)

Balbi, Amedeo and Manasvi Lingam. Beyond Mediocrity: How Common is Life?.. arXiv:2305.05395. University of Rome and Florida Institute of Technology exoscientists (search each) gather wide and deep considerations about to better evaluate the celestial presence of living systems. Yes, there may be many habitable worlds, but our thought process need go beyond this to engage a stochastic array of conditions, stellar varieties, and more contingencies. See also A Bayesian Analysis of Technological Intelligence in Land and Oceans by Manasvi Lingam, et al at arXiv:2305.05989.

The probability that life spontaneously emerges in a suitable environment (abiogenesis) is a major issue in astrobiology, which begs an accepted theory for the origin of life. In this paper, we adopt a Bayesian statistical approach to rigorously infer the lower evident-based bounds for abiogenesis. We note that the possible existence of many habitable worlds does not imply that life should be common in the universe. If habitable worlds are uncommon, for an agnostic prior, a deterministic scenario for the origin of life might be favoured over one where abiogenesis is a fluke event. (Excerpt)

Drazkowska, Joanna, et al. Planet Formation in the Era of ALMA and Kepler: From Peebles to Exoplanets. arXiv:2203.09759. In a paper for Protostars and Planets VII, astronomers in Germany, Sweden, Chile, Taiwan, Israel, China, the USA, and France (Alessandro Morbidelli) provide the latest comprehensive survey from our home base of how an ever increasing array of diverse exoworlds might have been formed.

. In this chapter, we summarize the new information derived from the exoplanets population and the circumstellar disks observations. We present the new developments in planet formation theory, from dust evolution to the growth of planetary cores by accretion of planetesimals, pebbles, and gas. We review the state-of-the-art models for the formation of diverse planetary systems, including the population synthesis approach which is necessary to compare theoretical model outcomes to the exoplanet population. In addition, there is growing evidence that the first planetary cores start forming early, during the circumstellar disk buildup process. (Excerpt)

Ecosmomics: An Independent, UniVersal, Source Code-Script of Generative Complex Network Systems

Berner, Rico, et al. Adaptive Dynamical Networks. arXiv:2304.05652. This April entry by Humboldt University and University of Munich theorists including Thilo Gross and Jurgen Kurths can serve to gather and note current contributions which altogether presage for a robust 2023 synthesis of nature’s anatomical vitality. In the same while, see also On the Transient and Equilibrium Features of Growing Fractal Complex Networks by Alexandre Benatti and Luciano da Costa at arXiv:2034.12780, Dense Network Motifs Enhance Dynamical Stability by Bnaya Gross, et al (2304.12044) and Emergent Stability in Complex Network Dynamics by Chandrakala Meena, et al in Nature Physics (April 2023) among a growing number.

Adaptive dynamical networks (ADNs) represent a broad class of systems that can change their connectivity over time depending on a dynamical state. Here we provide a detailed description of ADNs, note applications in research fields, highlight their arising dynamical phenomena, and give an overview of workable mathematical methods. (Excerpt)

Budel, Gabriel, et al. Topological Properties and Organizing Principles of Semantic Networks. arXiv.2304.12940. Delft University of Technology complexity theorists including Maksim Kitsak post a deeply technical exercise to identify and describe the pervasive, nested, multiplex features of global languages. While certain classes take on their own guise, our most human realm of linguistic conveyance and repository is found to exemplify and be inherently arranged by the same genetic-like principles as everywhere else. See also Structural Measure of Similarity and Complementarity in Complex Networks byy Szymon Talaga and Andrzej Nowak for a companion contribution.

Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications rely on semantic networks for structured knowledge representation whose basic properties must be relied on when designing algorithms, yet they mostly remain to be investigated. We study the properties of semantic networks from ConceptNet (see below), defined by 7 semantic relations from 11 different languages. We find universal basic properties: they are sparse, highly clustered, and exhibit power-law, scale-free degree distributions. But in some networks the connections are self-similar, while in others they are more complementarity-based. (Excerpt)

ConceptNet is a freely-available semantic network, designed to help computers understand the meanings of words that people use. ConceptNet originated from the crowdsourcing project Open Mind Common Sense, which was launched in 1999 at the MIT Media Lab. It has since grown to include knowledge from other crowdsourced resources, expert-created resources, and games with a purpose.

Previous   1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5  Next