Recent Additions: New and Updated Entries in the Past 60 Days
Displaying entries 16 through 30 of 88 found.

Ecosmos: A Revolutionary Fertile, Habitable, Solar-Bioplanet, Incubator Lifescape

Lian, Jianhui, et al. The broken-exponential radial structure and larger size of the Milky Way galaxy.. Nature Astronomy. June, 2024. We enter this work by Yunan University, University of Utah, and University of St Andrews for its content and in philoSophia wonder at the whole scenario whence at later date a minute, rare bioworld evolves a collective intellect which can then be able to retrospectively study, achieve and transcribe an extensive, integral galactic knowledge. See also, for example, The mass-metallicity relation as a ruler for galaxy evolution: insights from the James Webb Space Telescope at arXiv:2408.00061.

The radial structure of a galaxy is a fundamental property that reflects its growth and assembly history. Although it is straightforward to measure that of external galaxies, it is challenging for the Milky Way because of our inside perspective. The radial structure of the Milky Way has been assumed to be shaped by a single-exponential disk and a central bulge component. Here we report (1) a measurement of the age-resolved Galactic surface brightness profile and (2) the corresponding size of the Milky Way in terms of a half-light radius. Our results suggest that the Milky Way has a more complex radial structure and larger size than previously expected. (Excerpt)

McGaugh, Stacey, et al.. Accelerated Structure Formation: The Early Emergence of Massive Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies. arXiv:2406.17930.. arXiv:2406.17930.. This entry by Western Reserve University, University of Oregon and INAF, Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory, Italy is a current example of the spatial breadth and spacetime duration of the observations that the James Webb Space Telescope is constantly achieving across the vast universe. How incredible is it that a minute biospheric collective sapience and capability can yet provide such vivid images and entire cosmic knowledge.

Galaxies in the early universe appear to have grown too big too fast into massive, monolithic objects in the hierarchical ΛCDM structure formation paradigm. The available data are consistent with a population that forms early and follows a star formation history to become full galaxies. Observations of the kinematics of spiral galaxies as a function of redshift show that massive disks and their scaling relations were in place at early times. (Excerpt)

Nadis, Steve. Diminishing Dark Energy May Evade the ‘Swampland’ of Impossible Universes.. Quanta. August 19, 2024. A science writer surveys these latest speculations as everything cosmic now seems in flux, open to question, and in need of revision due to the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) project 3D map findings of a variable dark energy. In this regard, an accelerating universe expansion may actually be receding. And may we again muse how incredible this whole scenario is whence a sentient collaborative bioworld is able to carry out such instrumental explorations, mathematic quantifications and successive iterations, by which, so it seems, some celestial reality is trying to represent, record and affirm itself.

But if the initial DESI finding is confirmed, it will tell us something crucial about dark energy and its future. “Even more importantly,” Vafa said, “we can deduce that this is marking the beginning of the end of the universe. By ‘end,’ I don’t mean nothing happens after that. I’m saying something else happens that is very different from what we have now.” Perhaps dark energy will fall until it settles into a stabler, possibly negative value. With that, a new universe, with new laws, particles and forces, would replace the current one.

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) (search) is a scientific research instrument for conducting spectrographic astronomical surveys of distant galaxies. Its main components are a focal plane containing 5,000 fiber-positioning robots, and a bank of spectrographs. The instrument enables an experiment to probe the expansion history of the universe and the mysterious physics of dark energy.

Baptista, Rafael, et al. Evidence of fractal structures in hadrons. arXiv:2308.16888. Universidade de Sao Paulo (Airton Deppman), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, National Institute of Science and Technology of Complex Systems, Rio de Janeiro (Constantin Tsallis) system physicists describe a consistent, formidable self-similarity which seems to permeate all manner of subatomic particulate realms. See also Emergence of Tsallis statistics in fractal networks by Airton Deppman and Evandro Oliveira Andrade in PLoS One (16/9, 2021), Fractal structure of Yang-mills fields by Deppman, Airton et al in Physica Scripta (95/9, 2020) for other examples of such proper portions (Aquinas) from universe to us.

This study focuses on the presence of (multi)fractal structures in confined hadronic matter through the distributions of mesons produced in proton-proton collisions. The analysis proves that the q-exponential behaviour is consistent with fractal characteristics with features similar to those in a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) regime. These results pave the way for further research exploring the implications of fractal structures on various physical phenomena and offer insights into phase transition between confined and deconfined regimes. (Abstract)

In particle physics, a hadron is a composite subatomic particle made of two or more quarks held together by the strong interaction. They are analogous to molecules held together by the electric force. Most of the mass of ordinary matter comes from two hadrons: the proton and the neutron, which in turn is due to the strong force. (Wikipedia)

Brouillet, Matthew and Georgi Georgiev. Why and How do Complex Systems Self-Organize at All?. arXiv:2408.10278.. Assumption University, Worcester, MA physicists (search GG) provide a latest theoretic grounding of nature’s spontaneous animate development from a conducive universe to our societal retrospect. The paper’s subtitle is Average Action Efficiency as a Predictor, Measure, Driver, and Mechanism of Self-Organization which then informs some 40 pages of mathematical proofs.

Self-organization in complex systems is a process in which randomness is reduced and emergent structures appear due to energy gradients and dynamic principles. In regard, positive feedback loops connect this measure with all provide these complex systems with exponential growth, and power law relationships. In this study, we also proceed to model agent-based simulations, measure action efficiency and consider intentional applications. (Excerpt)

Self-organization is key to understanding the existence of, and the changes in all systems that lead to higher levels of complexity and perfection in development and evolution. It is a scientific as well as a philosophical question as our realization and understanding of this robust, resilient, competitive, vital process grows. Our goal is a better explanation that drives Cosmic Evolution from the Big Bang to the present, and into the future. Self-organization has a universality independent of the substrate of the system - physical, chemical, biological, or social - and explains all of its structures. (1)

Overview of the Theoretical Framework: We use the extension of Hamilton’s Principle of Stationary Action to a Principle of Dynamic Action, according to which action in self-organizing systems is changing in two ways: decreasing the average action for one event and increasing the total amount of action in the system during the process of self-organization, growth, evolution, and development. This view can lead to a deeper understanding of the fundamental principles of nature’s self-organization, evolution, and development in the universe, ourselves, and our society. (2)

Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying self-organization and offer a novel, quantitative approach to measuring organization in complex systems. This research opens up exciting possibilities for further exploration and practical applications, enhancing our ability to design and manage complex systems across various domains. By providing a quantitative measure of organization that can be applied universally, we enhance our ability to design and manage complex systems across various domains. Future research can build on our findings to explore the dynamics of self-organization in greater detail, develop new optimization strategies, and create more efficient and resilient systems. (45)

Martin, David, et al. Fluctuation-induced first order transition to collective motion.. Journal of Statistical Mechanics. August, 2024. University of Chicago, Sorbonne, Paris-Saclay and MIT biophysicists including Frédéric van Wijland give another twist to matter on the move by way ofdiscerning turbulences which seem to percolate through the stream.

The nature of the transition to collective motion in assemblies of aligning self-propelled particles remains an open issue. In this article, we focus on dry active matter and show that weak fluctuations suffice to turn mean-field transitions into a 'discontinuous' coexistence scenario. Our theory shows how a density-dependence of the polar-field mass is induced which in turn, triggers a feedback loop between ordering and advection motion and the emergence of inhomogeneous travelling bands. Finally, we confirm our predictions by numerical simulations of fluctuating hydrodynamics as well as of topological particle models. (Excerpt)

Koppayithodi, Sudeep, et al. Life in Lab: Chemically Fueled Systems Chemistry for Emergent Properties.. ChemSystemsChem. July 9, 2024. In this Chemistry Europe journal, we cite this entry by PhD students SK and Prerna Ranasingh and their advisor Nishant Singh because it exemplifies the novel application of complex self-organizing system phenomena as their presence now becomes evident everywhere. In regard, this contribution belongs to the 21st century ecosmic genesis revolution as it may proceed with an informed organic procreativity.

Understanding the emergence of complex properties in dissipative non-equilibrium systems is crucial for unraveling the mysteries of life processes. The review focuses on the documented research on chemically fueled autonomous systems, self-sorting towards compartmentalization, self-replication via autocatalysis, and rhythmic chemical oscillators. In addition to that, the review also discusses newly introduced reactions and dynamic combinatorial libraries in dissipative systems. (Abstract)

Emergence of self-organization with regulated complex functional and structural dynamics from a soup of simpler elements is essential for the sustenance of life. From synchronous flocking murmuration in birds, and Turing patterns on animals and fish for camouflage to cell division, motility and transcription are all self-assembly examples scaling dimensions and functions otherwise impossible by the constituent building blocks. In cells, complex interplay of reaction networks and feedback loops are driven by metabolites and signal molecules which direct crucial transformations in meso-scale self-assemblies of DNA, RNA, and proteins. (1)

In this mini-review we have discussed emergent properties in dissipative non-equilibrium systems, ranging from autonomously operated reaction cycles to compartmentalization through self-sorting, to self-replication by autocatalysis, and finally chemical and supramolecular oscillations. These documented examples with emergent life-like properties bring us a step closer to complex natural systems and will contribute to advance the field of Systems Chemistry in the future. (10)

Jaume I University (UJI) is located in the city of Castelló de la Plana, Spain. It was founded in 1991, and it has some 14,000 students. It is named after James I of Aragon who founded the Kingdom of Valencia. Nishant Singh received his PhD in organicchemistry in 2016 from UJI. He since was at the University of Strasbourg in 2018 to work on non-equilibrium self-assemblies and reaction cycles.. In 2022, he returned to UJI to start an Institute of Advanced Materials which studies dynamic self-assembly.

Alimi, Jean-Michel and Remy Koska. The shape of dark matter halos: a new fundamental cosmological invariance.. arXiv:2406.15947.. As these 21st century worldwise studies gain wider and deeper findings, Laboratoire Univers et Théories, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris astronomers describe a persistent self-similarity to hold even across this esoteric realm. And in a philosophic sense, when will such whole scale verifications begin to reveal the existence of a greater independent reality, from which we arise so to achieve its own self-witness?

We focus on the complex relationship between the shape of dark matter halos and the celestial models underlying their formation. We used three realistic versions from the Dark Energy Universe Simulation suite. Our results show that a wide-spread invariance is a consequence of the matter field non-linear dynamics as the universe evolves. From this correspondence, we can reconstruct the complex variance of the cosmic matter field and its power spectrum. (Excerpt)

Lipka-Bartosik, Patryk, et al. Catalysis in quantum information theory.. Reviews of Modern Physics. 96/025005, 2024. PL-B, University of Geneva, Henrik Wilming, Leibniz University and Nelly H. Y. Ng, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore post the latest glimpses of nature’s universal self-making propensities as they even become evident in these deepest realms. See also All states are universal catalysts in quantum thermodynamics by Pl-B and Paul Skrzypczyk at arXiv:2006.16290.

Catalysts open up new reaction pathways that can speed up chemical reactions while not consuming the catalyst. A similar phenomenon has been discovered in quantum information science, where physical transformations become possible by utilizing a quantum degree of freedom that returns to its initial state at the end of the process. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the concept of catalysis in quantum information science is presented and its applications in various physical contexts are discussed.

In this section we formalize the concept of catalysis in a general manner. We then describe the paradigm of resource theories, and argue that it provides a convenient set of tools allowing for a systematic study of catalytic effects. Finally, we summarize the most relevant mathematical tools and techniques that will be used throughout this review. We emphasize that this section focuses on generic features of catalysis which are valid irrespectively of the particular physical setting. (4)

Peng, Zhen, et al. Assessment of Stoichiometric Autocatalysis across Element Groups. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 145/41, 2024. PZ, Zach Adam, Betul Kacar, University of Wisconsin, and Albert Fahrenbach, University of New South Wales astrobiologists provide more extensive evidence of nature’s innate self-making propensities in active effect across prebiotic origins. See also Catalysis in quantum information theory by Lipka-Bartosik, Patryk, et al in Reviews of Modern Physics (96/025005, 2024). As a planetwise science now enters the mid-2020s, these realizations of a true ecosmopoietic universe which proceeds to procreate itself are becoming evident everywhere.

Autocatalysis is now seen to play primary roles during life’s early abiogenesis. In this study, we consider the stoichiometries of autocatalytic chemical systems through comproportionation (sy evident everywhere.ee below). If the product of such a reaction can be coupled with an auxiliary oxidation or reduction pathway that furnishes a reactant, then a Comproportionation-based Autocatalytic Cycle (CompAC) can exist. Using this strategy, we surveyed the literature for reactions that can be organized into CompACs. Our findings show that stoichiometric relationships for abiotic autocatalysis could broadly exist across a range of geochemical and cosmochemical conditions. (Excerpt)

Comproportionation is a chemical reaction where two reactants containing the same element but with different oxidation numbers, form a compound having an intermediate oxidation number.

Van de Sande, Marie. Chemical complexity and dust formation around evolved stars. arXiv:2408.08153.. In a paper for the conference proceedings of the IAU Symposium 383 - Astrochemistry VIII: From the First Galaxies to the Formation of Habitable Worlds, a Leiden Observatory astrochemist explains why these celestial environs provide a fertile laboratory to study prebiotic processions toward planetary cellular organisms. Once again we record how readily we ultimate beings can now individually and collectively carry out any scale of ecosmic retrospective. In regard, the result seems to be an imminent revolutionary realization and discovery of an actual organic procreativity.

The outflows of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are rich astrochemical laboratories from non-equilibrium chemistry close to the star, to dust formation further out, and photochemistry in the outer regions. However, exactly how dust condenses from the gas phase and grows is still unknown. Disagreements between observations and the predictions of chemical model contribute toward help to learning the link between these formations and to a 3D hydrochemical model. (Excerpt)

Yang, Zhenghai, et al.. Low-temperature formation of pyridine and (iso)quinoline via neutral–neutral reactions.. Nature Astronomy.. May, 2024. A global team of astrochemists posted in Hawaii, Florida, Brazil, France and China appear to begin a convergent phase to fill in and unify the original endemic scenario from prebiotic precursors all the way to nucleotide replicators and evolving protocells. See also Co‐evolution of early Earth environments and microbial life by Timothy Lyons, et al in Nature Reviews Microbiology (May, 2024) for a similar paper.

Aromatic molecules represent fundamental building blocks in prebiotic chemistry and are contemplated as vital precursors to DNA and RNA nitrogen bases. However, despite finding some 300 extraterrestrial molecules, the pathways to pyridine (C5H5N), pyridinyl (C5H4N·) and (iso)quinoline (C9H7N) are elusive. Here we describe the gas-phase formation of methylene amidogen (H2CN·) and cyanomethyl (H2CCN·) radicals via molecular beam studies and electronic structure calculations. This study affords entry points to precursors of DNA and RNA nitrogen bases in hydrocarbon-rich environments which changes our understanding of the origin of prebiotic molecules in our Galaxy. (Abstract)

Lai, Yanhong, et al.. Ocean Circulation on Tide-locked Lava Worlds, Part II: Scalings.. arXiv:2408.09985.. We cite this work by Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Peking University and Earth, Atmosphere and Planetary Science, MIT astronomers for its content and in a philoSophia view to glimpse the present spacescape vista whereof a collaborative sapiensphere has at last formed over an infinitesimal bioplanet and in a few decades learned to explore, quantify an infinity of vicarious global, solar and galactic phenomena. See also Lapi, Andrea, et al. Semi-empirical Estimates of the Cosmic Planet Formation Rate by Andrea, Lapi, et al at 2408.08611 for another example of our Earthuman multiversal acumen.

On tidally locked lava planets, a magma ocean can form on the permanent dayside. Its circulation can be driven by stellar radiation and atmospheric winds. In this study, we develop scaling laws for the magma ocean depth, oceanic current speed, and heat transport convergence driven by stellar and wind forcings in three different dynamic regimes: non-rotating viscosity-dominant Regime I, non-rotating inviscid limit Regime II, and rotation-dominant Regime III. (Excerpt)

Smith, Harrison and Lana Sinapayen. Smith, Harrison and Lana Sinapayen. An Agnostic Biosignature Based on Modeling Panspermia and Terraformation. arXiv:2403.14195. Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology and National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan astroscientists consider novel perceptions that ought to be factored in when it comes to assessing whether bio-friendly worlds have actually been found.

A main goal of astrobiology is to detect life outside of Earth. Our approach shows that as life propagates across the galaxy, correlations emerge between planetary types and location. This biosignature is agnostic because it is independent of assumptions about any particular instantiation. Rather it focuses on a specific hypothesis of what life may do, rather than what life may be. By clustering planets based on their observed properties we propose a way to prioritize specific planets for further observation. We identify various ways in which better understandings of astrophysical and planetary processes would improve our ability to detect life. (Excerpt)

Berger, Vera, et al. Stellar flares are far-ultraviolet luminous.. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.. 532/4, August, 2024. Based on better instruments and gigabyte analysis methods, Cambridge University, Ohio State University (Michael Tucker) and University of Hawaii astronomers find that stars which bear planets can emit higher degrees of radiative flares than previously thought to levels which are harmful to resident life.

We identify 182 flares on 158 stars within 100 pc of the Sun in both the near-ultraviolet and far-ultraviolet using light curves from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer. Ultraviolet (UV) emission from stellar flares plays a crucial role in determining the habitability of exoplanetary systems. Most studies assessing the effect of flares on planetary habitability assume a 9000 K blackbody spectral energy distribution Instead, we observe the opposite with the excess FUV several times the expectation of a 9000 K blackbody. (Excerpt)

Previous   1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6  Next