Recent Additions: New and Updated Entries in the Past 60 Days
Displaying entries 46 through 60 of 62 found.

Life's Corporeal Evolution Encodes and Organizes Itself: An EarthWinian Genesis Synthesis

Merle, Melody, et al. Precise and Scalable Self-Organization in Mammalian Pseudo-Embryos. arXiv:2303.17522. Pasteur Institute, Paris and Princeton University biologists achieve still another instance whereby life’s organic occasion before, and after reproduction proceeds to organize itself. By extension all this procreative fertility could be seen to occur within and due to an inherently natural genesis.

During embryonic development, reproducible gene expression patterns determine cellular fates in time and space, which are crucial in the earliest stages when the body plan and asymmetric body axes emerge. In flies and worms they achieve near-single-cell spatial precision, even for macroscopic patterns. However, we know little about accuracy in mammals. Using an in vitro model for gastruloids, we show that genetic patterns reproduce within 20% in protein concentration variability. Our results reveal precision, reproducibility, and size scaling for mammalian systems, which spontaneously arise in self-organizing cell aggregates and could thus be fundamental features of multicellularity. (Excerpt)

Gomez-Nava, Luis, et al. Fish Shoals Resemble a Stochastic Excitable system Driven by Environmental Perturbations. Nature Physics. May, 2023. Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin Institute of Technology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, and Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Mexico including Pawel Romanczuk (search) and Jens Krause continue their collegial project by to further quantify nature’s persistent self-organization such that any member/group in motion tends toward an optimum criticality. Whether flock, herd, pod or swarm, the Metazoan lineages from invertebrate slime molds and insects to primates and ourselves are being found to exemplify this universal viability. At the same while, we log Universality of Critical Dynamics with Finite Entanglement in (arXiv:2301.09681, Sherman) about quantum occasions.

Groups of animals can perform coordinated collective behaviours that confer benefits for members by information exchanges and protection from predators. Our interest is that these feature could arise at critical points in structural and functional states which respond best to external stimuli. We cite prior work that these conditions exemplify self-organized systems at criticality, but evidence in the wild is sparse. Here we show repetitive and rhythmic dive cascades under high risk exhibit a stochastic phase driven by environmental perturbations. Together with an agent-based model, such dense schools locate at a critical point between high and low diving activities which allows information to efficiently propagate. (Abstract excerpt)

Siteur, Koen, et al. Phase-separation physics underlies new theory for the resilience of patchy ecosystems. PNAS. 120/2, 2023. A century and six decades later, in our global phase, Dutch and Chinese ecotheorists at last reach the deep roots of “tangled banks” by an integrations with condensed matter phenomena as it actively proceeds through transitional emergences. The second quote goes on to record the consequence of critical states.

Spatial self-organization of ecosystems into large-scales enables diverse organisms to cope with variable environmental conditions and to buffer degradation. Scale-dependent feedbacks have provided a framework for self-organized formations such as arid areas or mussel beds. Here, we cite an alternative approach by way of the complications of a biotic or abiotic basis such as herbivores, sediment, or nutrients. Building on physical theory for phase-separation dynamics, we show that patchy phases are more vulnerable at small spatial scales. By this view, the initiation of coarse aggregations can offer a new indicator to signal tipping points and radical habitat loss.

Our study contributes a better perspective based on self-organized patchiness to understand irregular ecosystems that lack feedbacks associated with spatial Turing patterns and disturbances due to scale-free modes that typify self-organized criticality.

Villegas, Pablo, et al. Evidence of Scale-free Clusters of Vegetation in Tropical Rainforests. arXiv:2301.05917. Into this year, Italian complexity theorists with several postings including Guido Caldarelli provide still more ways to quantify so to untangle and nature’s flora, in this case especially verdant jungles. As we have noted, circa 2002 when the section was first online, there were few efforts like this, any sense of a deep discernible basis hardly existed. Some two decades later, as we have been pleased to report, many contributions like this have indeed revealed an independent, endemic guidance.

Tropical rainforests exhibit a rich repertoire of spatial patterns emerging from intricate relationships between many species and their domain. In regard, the distribution of vegetation clusters can exemplify the underlying process regulating the ecosystem. Analyzing their presence at different resolution scales, we show the first robust evidence of diverse invariant foliage, suggesting the coexistence of multiple intertwined phases in the collective dynamics of tropical rainforests. As a quantified result we propose a predictor that could serve to monitor the ecological resilience of the world's 'green lungs.' (Excerpt edit)

First Peoples. pbs.org/show/first-peoples.. First Peoples is a five-part PBS documentary about the first aired in 2015. It shows how humans reached each continent by way of various fossil discoveries and placing them in a context of pre-modern human migration. The programs include interviews with many of the researchers involved in these studies, such as geneticists Svante Pääbo and Eske Willerslev and anthropologists John D. Hawks and Nicole Waguespack. Five episodes view the Americas, Africa, Asia, Australia and Europe, which often focus on a major skull and skeletal find.

Life’s Cerebral Faculties Become More Complex, Smarter, Informed, Proactive, Self-Aware

Potter, Henry and Kevin Mitchell. Naturalising Agent Causation. Entropy. 24/4, 2022. A Trinity College Dublin geneticist and a neuroscientist pick up on the current evolutionary reset whence organisms are no longer passive subjects before selective forces, but self-empowered agents in supportive groupings who can alter and manage external and environmental conditions to their advantage. (If one might then go far afield to a concurrent entry about the cosmologist Renate Loll, this quantum universe is self-organizing in its deepest essence.)

The idea of agent causation — that a living organism can be a cause of things in the world — is often seen at odds with the physicalist thesis that is the core crux of science and philosophy. But into these 202s, we present a framework of eight self-organizing criteria that can overcome the prior issues of agent causality in a naturalistic way: (1) thermodynamic autonomy, (2) persistence, (3) endogenous activity, (4) holistic integration, (5) low-level indeterminacy, (6) multiple realisability, (7) historicity, (8) agent-level normativity. (Excerpt)

To summarise, systems can be agents if they are self-organising and causally insulated enough to persist through time, and out of thermodynamic equilibrium with the environment. To avoid external determinism, they need to be intrinsically active, treating external inputs more as helpful information. The proactivity of these systems entails a holistically integrated structure, in which parts are too interconnected and context-dependent to be understood in a machine-like, decomposable, linear fashion. On top of this, these systems can be driven by meaning and reasons because higher-order organisational patterns are able to coarse-grain over microphysical happenings by virtue of the existence of some degree of indeterminacy at lower levels. (14)

Our Earthuman Ascent: A Major Evolutionary Transition in Individuality

Szocik, Konrad and Rakhat Abylkasymova. Feminism and Gender in Thinking about Extraterrestrial Intelligence. International Journal of Astrobiology. February, 2023. Yale University, Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics philosophers show how prior views of life’s celestial expanse can illustrate a masculine sense of a exo-civilizations as combative, alien, enemies, rather than peaceable cultures. We deign to offer an example that "Guardians of the Galaxy" could be amended by "Gardeners of the Galaxy."

In this paper, we offer an outline of a feminist approach to considering the issue of extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI). Dominant ways of discussing ETI, particularly first-contact scenarios and protocols, are characterized by what feminism terms male bias. As with other cultural texts and disciplines, ETI studies can also be enriched by a feminist perspective. In this paper, we propose two possible applications of a feminist approach to considering ETI, such as using feminist categories to analyse our discourse about ETI, as well as understanding ETI in terms of sex and gender. We also propose a vision of ETI as genderless. (Abstract)

Riberio, Fabiano and Diego Rybski. Mathematical Models to Explain the Origin of Urban Scaling Laws. arXiv:2111.08365. Federal University of Lavras, Brazil and Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Germany systems ecologists enter more views about how to appreciation these prevalent human habitations altogether as recurrent complex network emergences.

The quest for a theory of cities that could offer a systematic way to manage them is a top priority, given humanities increasing urbanization. Here, we review the main mathematical models in the literature that seek to explain the origin and emergence of urban scaling, such as similarities and connections between them. The models in this paper obtain different premises from densification, geometry on to a hierarchical organization and socio-network properties. (Excerpt)

Diazi\-Diaz, Fernando, et al. Network Theory meets History: Local Balance in Global International Relations. arXiv:2303.03774. Into 2023, Institute of Cross-Disciplinary Physics and Complex Systems, IFISC, Spain, and University of Milan, Italy theorists including Ernesto Estrada are lately becoming able via complexity science and empirical analysis to discern the actual presence of real lineaments and forces which underlie past events and current affairs. An increased awareness of their definitive presence,, constrain and drive as rightly appreciated would be a vital benefit as near and far chaos so threatens us.

The resulting effect of global international relations is an intricate and dynamic web of alliances and conflicts. Here, we represent this web as a time-evolving signed network and define an index quantifying the proximity of every nation to its balanced condition. This condition emerges when a given nation belongs to a bloc of allies that only have enmities with a different confronted bloc. However, we find that large blocs of allies percolated by a tiny clique of mutual enemies, which are ubiquitous across history, are very unstable in terms of their balanced condition. We design a quantitative history approach to identify the nations playing a fundamental role in major events in human history over a period of almost 200 years. It is combined with historic narrative and the sociopolitical theory of balance of power to build up a new mixed approach to history based on network theory. (Abstract)

Earth Earns: An Open Participatory Earthropocene to Ecosmocene CoCreativity

Dyle, Daniel, et al. Universal Early Warning Signals of Phase Transitions in Climate Systems. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. April, 2023. Seven senior weather theorists including Marten Scheffer, Madhur Anand (whom I heard speak in 2004) and Tim Lenton post a latest analysis about how our hyper-active world weather which is prone to radical abrupt resets to new states because of its nonlinear essence can be much availed by machine learning AI neural net frontiers via a novel global science. One might muse that our lively abode is finding ways to steady, maintain and take steady care of itself, hopefully into an Earthropocene era.

The potential for complex systems to exhibit tipping points in which an equilibrium state undergoes a sudden shift is well known, but their prediction by standard forecast models remains difficult. As a response, alternative methods are being availed that identify critical phenomena in advance of such dynamical bifurcations. A prime finding is that these critical signs are similar for a variety of systems which implies that data-intensive deep learning procedures can be effective. Here we offer a proof as applied to lattice phase transitions via a deep neural network trained on 2D Ising models tested on real and simulated climates with much success. Indicators like this provide novel insights into tipping events, along with as remote sensing on complex geospatially resolved Earth Systems. (Excerpt)

Gupta, Shraddha, et al. Perspectives on the importance of complex systems in understanding our climate and climate change -- The Nobel Prize in Physics 2021. arXiv:2203.03331. Senior climate impact researchers in Germany, the UK, Spain, and Russia, including Jurgen Kurths, provide a comprehensive review of how hyper-active local and global weather can be viewed as an archetypal manifestation of nature’s universal nonlinear dynamic behaviors. Into the 2020s, as these intrinsic forces and patterns become more quantified, a new, crucial phase of understanding and application can accrue.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2021 was awarded to Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, and Giorgio Parisi for their 'groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex systems' including major advances in the understanding of our climate and climate change. In this perspective article, we review their key contributions and discuss their relevance in relation to the present understanding of our climate. We conclude by outlining some promising research directions and open questions in climate science.

Aliosio, I. A., et al. Sampling Complexity of Open Quantum Systems. PRX Quantum. 4/020310, 2023. Monash University and University of New South Wales physicists explore and demonstrate how novel quantum computation advances can facilitate the increasing avail of quantum phenomena in all manner of chemical, condensed matter, optical, materials research and more as this 2020s frontier opens and expands.

Gebhart, Valentin, et al. Learning Quantum Systems. arXiv:2207.00298. We cite this paper by ten theorists posted in Austria, France, Italy, the UK, and Germany as a 2020s example of this welling revolution as this long arcane realm now becomes open for public development. See also Building a Quantum-ready Ecosystem by Abhishek, et al Purohit at arXiv:2304.06843 for another avocation. Altogether in accord with the Quantum Organics section above, these entries strongly attest to a whole scale synthesis of a human and universe cocreativit, going forward.

The future development of quantum technologies relies on facilitating system complexities with key applications in computation, simulation and sensing. But this task need deal with efficient control, calibration and validation of dynamic quantum states whereof classical methods still play an important role. Here, we review approaches that use classical post-processing techniques, along with adaptive optimization, to better study quantum correlation properties and environmental interactions. We discuss theoretical proposals and successful implementations across different multiple-qubit architectures such as spin qubits, trapped ions, photonic and atomic systems, and superconducting circuits. (2207.00298)

The emergence of quantum technologies has led to major advancements in computing, sensing, secure communications, and simulation of advanced materials with practical applications. In this paper, we present the current status of quantum technologies and the need for such a quantum-ready ecosystem. We introduce Quantum Technology Readiness Levels guidelines about specific quantum technology frontiers. We also discuss indicators for government, industry, and academia stakeholders, along with ethics and protocols of the readiness for beneficial achievements. (2304.06843)

Ni, Xiang, et al. Topological Metamaterials. arXiv:2211.10006. We cite this entry by CCNY Photonics Initiative and Florida International University researchers among much current work as an example as the global mind over matter frontier opens for cocreative business.

Recent physics findings that materials with non-trivial topological properties for electronic, electromagnetic, acoustic and mechanical usages can be designed and made through engineered metamaterials (MMs). We review these state-of-the-art advances and discuss how topological MMs enable novel wave phenomena for a broad range of interdisciplinary sciences such as classical and quantum chemistry. This survey aims at basing this progress associated with topological concepts, and highlight opportunities going forward offered by these geometric facilities for the chemistry community at large. (Excerpt)

Raabe, Dierk, et al. Accelerating the design of compositionally complex materials via physics-informed artificial intelligence.. Nature Computational Science. Narch, 2023. MPI Institute for Iron Research members post a thorough, illustrated survey of many ways that the latest AI machine learning capabilities can initiate and foster a new worldwise phase of radical cocreative advances. A further novel attribute is a substantial basis arising from the field of condensed matter physics. Sections include Physics-based modeling of descriptors, AI for Compositionally Complex Materials, Hybrid Methods and Active Learning in Materials Science image whence a human being sits at the center of past stochastic and future intentional planetary and multiversal contributions going forward.

In more regard, we cite this new Nature publication as it joins with Nature Materials, so as to recognize and communicate an on-going advent of these capabilities. See, for example, Evolving scattering networks for engineering disorder by Yu Sunkyu and Evolving Wave Networks for Materials Design by Jiao Yang in NCS for February 2023, along with a Guiding Element Mixing editorial. See then the April issue of Nature Materials for a Complex Element Coupling Expands Materials Capabilities companion edition.

The chemical space for designing materials is practically infinite. This makes disruptive progress by traditional physics-based modeling alone challenging. Yet, training data for identifying composition–structure–property relations by artificial intelligence are sparse. We discuss opportunities to discover new chemically complex materials by hybrid methods where physics laws are combined with artificial intelligence. (Raabe)

Complex element combinations increase the variety of microstructural features and facilitate property manipulation for materials design. This joint Focus between Nature Materials and Nature Computational Science highlights recent developments in the field and brings together experts' opinions on the opportunities in both computational methods and experimental approaches for complex element coupling. (NM, April 2023)

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