III. Ecosmos: A Revolutionary Fertile, Habitable, Solar-Bioplanet, Incubator Lifescape

B. Our Whole Scale EcosmoVerse Description Project

McGaugh, Stacey, et al.. Accelerated Structure Formation: The Early Emergence of Massive Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies. arXiv:2406.17930.. arXiv:2406.17930.. This entry by Western Reserve University, University of Oregon and INAF, Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory, Italy is a current example of the spatial breadth and spacetime duration of the observations that the James Webb Space Telescope is constantly achieving across the vast universe. How incredible is it that a minute biospheric collective sapience and capability can yet provide such vivid images and entire cosmic knowledge.

Galaxies in the early universe appear to have grown too big too fast into massive, monolithic objects in the hierarchical ΛCDM structure formation paradigm. The available data are consistent with a population that forms early and follows a star formation history to become full galaxies. Observations of the kinematics of spiral galaxies as a function of redshift show that massive disks and their scaling relations were in place at early times. (Excerpt)

Mendoza,, Edgar, et al. Interrelations between Astrochemistry and Galactic Dynamics. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences.. May, 2021. By virtue of this widest expanse, seven researchers with postings in Brazil, Argentina, the Netherlands, and Chile provide insightful views of celestial phenomena from the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies to the endemic complexities of their (bio)molecular formations. A periodic table is used as a reference from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis to Supernovae. With this in place, research programs are discussed going forward.

This paper reviews a vital interconnection of Astrochemistry and Galactic Dynamics. After a general introduction, we focus on topics which intersect the two disparate areas. Astrochemistry studies the presence and formation of molecules as well as their influence upon the structure, evolution and dynamics of complex astronomical objects. Galactic studies include star formation, protoplanetary disks, the role of spiral arms and the chemical abundance gradients and much more. To classify chemical evolution processes, we discuss about how astrochemistry can act in three different contexts: i. the chemistry of the early universe, including external galaxies, ii. star forming regions, and iii. AGB stars and circumstellar envelopes. (Abstract)

Moradt, Rahim, et al. The Newborn Black Hole in GRB 191014C Manifests that it is Alive. arXiv:1911.07552. We cite this entry by International Center for Relativistic Astrophysicists Network (ICRANet) researchers including Remo Ruffini for its radical revision of what constitutes a cosmic “black hole.” Ruffini, now 77, was a 1971 coauthor with its co-conceiver John A. Wheeler of Introducing the Black Hole in Physics Today, so he has been along for the ride. In this paper, rather than drawing everything into itself, as long held that BHs do, via worldwide mathematical theories, this common celestial event ought to rightly be seen as an energy exporter. By this diametric view, these pervasive, phenomenal loci play a vital role in life’s occurrence, evolution and our collective witness. See also Inward Bound: The Incredible Journey of Massive Black Holes as they Pair and Merge by Fazeel Khan, et al at 1911.07946.

The popular view that black holes (BH) are dark objects, a sink of energy rather than an energy source, arises from three assumptions, that they are (i) in vacuum, (ii) in a flat space-time, and (iii) stationary. As a result, the search for a mechanism to extract the energy from a BH, able to power gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and active galactic nuclei (AGNs), has been unsuccessful. Here we show that an electrodynamical process of BH energy extraction occurs in the "inner engine", composed of a rotating BH in a background of low-density ionized plasma and an ordered magnetic field. The blackholic quantum of energy is emitted in the entire Universe in view of the cosmological presence of GRBs. This suggests the intriguing possibility that, rather than representing the end of life, BHs may have a relevant role in the evolution of life in our Universe. (Abstract)

Finally, we would like to remark that, the emission of the blackholic quantum of energy, 1037 erg, with a timescale of 10-14 s, occurs in the entire Universe in view of the cosmological homogeneous presence of GRBs. This suggests the intriguing possibility that, rather than representing the end of life, BHs and their linearly polarized “blackholic quanta”, may have a relevant role in the creation of the DNA and of evolution of life in our
Universe. (4)

Moresco, Michele, et al.. Unveiling the Universe with Emerging Cosmological Probes. arXiv:2201.07241. A thirty-three member team from institutes, universities and laboratories across Europe and the USA consider the next vital stage of scientific measurements and computations so to continue our human-universe self-quantification onto a further phase of sophisticated insights. In this entry we cite a collaborative endeavor with some 1,000 references by a planetary prodigy whom, mostly unbeknownst, has commenced to carry out this certain, ordained cosmic function.

The detection of the accelerated expansion of the Universe has been one of the major breakthroughs in modern cosmology. Several instrumental probes have studied possible mechanisms driving this flying apart, but they are now at their limits, A new generation of novel probes in depth and breadth are much in order. Here we review the latest advances in emerging beyond-standard cosmological candidates. For example, we survey cosmic chronometers, quasars, gamma-ray bursts, standard sirens, lensing time-delay with galaxies and clusters, cosmic voids, neutral hydrogen intensity mapping, surface brightness fluctuations, secular redshift drift, and clustering of standard candles. We also discuss some synergies and complementarities they will contribute to the future of modern cosmology. (Abstract excerpt)

mustafa, G., et al. Mustafa, G., et al. Construction of thin-shell around new wormhole solutions via solitonic quantum wave dark matter.. Annals of Physics. 460/169551, January, 2024. (A hypothesized tunnel connecting two areas of the universe or two other worlds is known as a traversable wormhole.) We note this work by Zhejiang Normal University, China, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman and Saibal Ray Centre for Cosmology, Astrophysics and Space Science, India astrophysicists out of many entries as an example of the seemingly unlimited compass of Earthuman capabilities to reach and study any dimension of the celestial expanse whence we have come to find ourselves. The innate facility by which human beings in global concert can proceed with this project leads one to think that peoples are made and meant for this purpose.

In the present work, we study wormhole geometry in the framework of general relativity and explore the effects of quantum wave dark matter. We develop the basic formalism and the respective field equations to reach wormhole solutions within physical interpretations of energy conditions.. The positive behavior of quantum wave dark matter density confirms the compatibility for four different parametric values of the model. Our investigation seems to provide several attractive attributes as well as future possibilities to traditional wormhole studies.

Nadis, Steve. Diminishing Dark Energy May Evade the ‘Swampland’ of Impossible Universes.. Quanta. August 19, 2024. A science writer surveys these latest speculations as everything cosmic now seems in flux, open to question, and in need of revision due to the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) project 3D map findings of a variable dark energy. In this regard, an accelerating universe expansion may actually be receding. And may we again muse how incredible this whole scenario is whence a sentient collaborative bioworld is able to carry out such instrumental explorations, mathematic quantifications and successive iterations, by which, so it seems, some celestial reality is trying to represent, record and affirm itself.

But if the initial DESI finding is confirmed, it will tell us something crucial about dark energy and its future. “Even more importantly,” Vafa said, “we can deduce that this is marking the beginning of the end of the universe. By ‘end,’ I don’t mean nothing happens after that. I’m saying something else happens that is very different from what we have now.” Perhaps dark energy will fall until it settles into a stabler, possibly negative value. With that, a new universe, with new laws, particles and forces, would replace the current one.

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) (search) is a scientific research instrument for conducting spectrographic astronomical surveys of distant galaxies. Its main components are a focal plane containing 5,000 fiber-positioning robots, and a bank of spectrographs. The instrument enables an experiment to probe the expansion history of the universe and the mysterious physics of dark energy.

Novosyadlyj, B., et al. The First Molecules in the Intergalactic Medium of the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn. arXiv:2205.03828. This contribution has an especial occasion because it is by Ukrainian scientists, along with a Chinese colleague. The coauthor credits are Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Jilin University, P.R. China, and Institute of Radio Astronomy of NASU, Kharkiv. Even in the midst of absurd, malicious violence, our innate, deepest humane propensity to learn about this awesome and awful place proceeds apace. Here, our latest global collective acumen is able to reconstruct these primordial origins from universe to us Earthlings. Whatever great realization might at last illume and resolve, for the children’s sake?

We study the formation and destruction of the first molecules at the epochs of the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn to evaluate the luminosity of the protogalaxy groups (halos). A cosmological recombination is modeled by an effective three-level atom, while the chemistry is studied by thet basic kinetic equations. We show that the molecules H2 and HD are destroyed by photodissociation processes shortly before the full reionization in the inter-halo medium for all models of the first light. We estimated the brightness temperature in the rotational lines of H2, HD and HeH+ molecules at Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn redshifts. (Abstract excerpt)

Overbye, Dennis. The Milky Way’s Black Hole Comes to Light.. New York Times. May 13, 2022. A science reporter lauds this discovery by the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration team, which was announced last week. Several articles about it in the are accessible from this note. Once again, how fantastic is it that one minute newly sentient personsphere can yet achieve such galactic quantifications. Why does this phenomenon exist at all anyway?

The Event Horizon Telescope is a large telescope array consisting of a global network of radio telescopes. The EHT project combines data from several very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) stations around Earth, which form a combined array with an angular resolution sufficient to observe objects the size of a supermassive black hole's event horizon.

Park, Changbom, et al. Formation and Morphology of the First Galaxies in the Cosmic Morning. arXiv.2202.11925. We cite this paper by eleven astrophysicists based in Korea, the USA, France, and the UK as an example of novel 2020s collaborative abilities on an infinitesimal bioplanet to look back, reconstruct and learn how the stellar universe originally came into being. See also Impact of Cosmic Rays on the Global 21-cm Signal During Cosmic Dawn at 2202.12308 for a similar study. Ever again, how fantastic is it that a novel global sapiensphere is altogether to perform and achieve such ecosmic quantifications? Whom are we all to be able to do this, and what for?

We investigate the formation and morphological evolution of the first galaxies in the cosmic morning using the Horizon Run 5 cosmological hydrodynamical simulation. For galaxies above the stellar mass M⋆=2×109M⊙, we classify them into disk, spheroid, and irregular types according to their asymmetry and stellar mass morphology. The large-scale tidal field imprinted in the initial conditions seems responsible for the dominance of disk morphology, and for the tendency of galaxies to re-acquire a disk post-distortion. (Abstract sample)

Perlov, Delia and Alex Vilenkin. Cosmology for the Curious. International: Springer, 2017. This book is a gentle introduction about modern views of the cosmos. Our universe originated in a great explosion – the big bang. Cosmologists have studied the aftermath of this explosion: how the universe expanded and cooled down, and how galaxies were assembled by gravity. The nature of the bang is the subject of the theory of cosmic inflation and has led to a radically new global view of the universe. One of the book's central themes is the scientific quest to find answers to the ultimate cosmic questions: Is the universe finite or infinite? Has it existed forever? If not, when and how did it come into being? Will it ever end? The text is based on an undergraduate course taught by Alex Vilenkin at Tufts University.

Pimentel, Guilherme, et al, eds. Inflation: Theory and Observations. arXiv:2203.008128. 21 scientists from across Europe and the USA, along with a page of some 200 endorsers, enter a white paper proposal for the Snowmass 2021 Proceedings of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics project. We choose as one example of our intensifying Earthuman temporal and spatial universe endeavors into the 2020s and (hopefully) beyond forever. At once the work supports the current explosive point of origin model which it seeks to embellish. What are we saying? How amazing that a fittest bioworld can possess such abilities to act as a participant quantifier going forward.

Cosmic inflation provides a window to the highest energy densities accessible in nature, far beyond those achievable in any realistic terrestrial experiment. Theoretical insights into the inflationary era and its observational probes may therefore shed unique light on the physical laws underlying our universe. This white paper describes our current theoretical understanding of the inflationary era, with a focus on the statistical properties of primordial fluctuations. With the requisite advancements in analysis techniques, the tremendous increase in the raw sensitivities of upcoming and planned surveys will translate to leaps in our understanding of the inflationary paradigm and could open new frontiers for cosmology and particle physics. (Abstract excerpt)

The Particle Physics Community Planning Exercise (a.k.a. “Snowmass”) is organized by the Division of Particles and Fields of the American Physical Society. The Snowmass project provides an opportunity for the entire particle physics community to come together to identify and document a scientific vision for the future in the U.S. and its international partners. Snowmass will define the most important questions for the field and identify promising opportunities to address them. (snowmass21.org)

Pranav, Pratyush, et al. The Topology of the Cosmic Web in Terms of Betti Numbers. arXiv:1608.04519. In 2016, a seven person astronomer team from the Netherlands and Austria can describe is mathematical detail how interstellar and intergalactic reaches are formed and distinguished by vast network “connectivities” which stretch across megaparsecs. Notable phrases are algebraic topology, persistent homology, computational formalism, and fractal, multiscale hierarchies. Search Coutinho for a similar posting in April as The Network Behind the Cosmic Web (1604.03236). But our further interest is a concurrent neuroscience entry Algebraic-Topological Tools for Understanding Higher-Order Structure in Neural Data (1601.01704, search Giusti), which uses the same technical phrases to describe the human connectome. In our midst, largely unbeknownst, are an appearance of inherent congruences between such widely separate realms. Might in turn we imagine a cosmic connectome, whereof our phenomenal purpose is to learn to decode, sequence, read, and continue?

We introduce a multiscale topological description of the Megaparsec weblike cosmic matter distribution. Betti numbers and topological persistence offer a powerful means of describing the rich connectivity structure of the cosmic web and of its multiscale arrangement of matter and galaxies. Emanating from algebraic topology and Morse theory, Betti numbers and persistence diagrams represent an extension and deepening of the cosmologically familiar topological genus measure, and the related geometric Minkowski functionals. In addition to a description of the mathematical background, this study presents the computational procedure for computing Betti numbers and persistence diagrams for density field filtrations. The field may be computed starting from a discrete spatial distribution of galaxies or simulation particles.

The main emphasis of this study concerns an extensive and systematic exploration of the imprint of different weblike morphologies and different levels of multiscale clustering in the corresponding computed Betti numbers and persistence diagrams. To this end, we use Voronoi clustering models as templates for a rich variety of weblike configurations, and the fractal-like Soneira-Peebles models exemplify a range of multiscale configurations. We have identified the clear imprint of cluster nodes, filaments, walls, and voids in persistence diagrams, along with that of the nested hierarchy of structures in multiscale point distributions. We conclude by outlining the potential of persistent topology for understanding the connectivity structure of the cosmic web, in large simulations of cosmic structure formation and in the challenging context of the observed galaxy distribution in large galaxy surveys. (Abstract)

In algebraic topology, the Betti numbers are used to distinguish topological spaces based on the connectivity of n-dimensional simplicial complexes, after Enrico Betti (1823-1892), an Italian mathematician. In mathematics, a Voronoi diagram is a partitioning of a plane into regions based on distance to points in a specific subset of the plane, after Georgy Vorony (1868-1908), a Russian mathematician.

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