III. Ecosmos: A Revolutionary Fertile, Habitable, Solar-Bioplanet, Incubator Lifescape

B. Our Whole Scale EcosmoVerse Description Project

Schumacher, Jorg and Katepalli Sreenivasan. Colloquium: Unusual Dynamics of Convection in the Sun. Reviews of Modern Physics. 92/041001, 2020. Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany and NYU Tandon School mathematicians (search KS) proceed to analyze, model and describe the active turbulence that composes our home star. We note for its content, and also to record and reflect how incredible it is that we curious creaturely beings are able to achieve such deep and wide cosmic quantifications. One wonders what participant agency and function we peoples are, as yet unawares, carrying out.

The Sun is our nearest star; it is also the most important star that determines life on Earth. A large variety of phenomena observed on the Sun’s surface, with potential impact on Earth, is thought to arise from turbulent convection in Sun’s interior, this being the dominant mode of heat transport within the outer envelope at r≳0.715R⊙. However, convection in the Sun differs in most of its aspects from convection processes known on Earth, certainly those under controlled laboratory conditions, thus seriously challenging existing physical models of convective turbulence and boundary conditions in the Sun. Solar convection is a multiscale-multiphysics phenomenon including the transport of mass, momentum, and heat in the presence of rotation, dynamo action, radiation fluxes, and partial changes in chemical composition. (Abstract excerpt)

Sossi, Paolo, et al. Composition, Structure and Origin of the Moon. arXiv:2408.16840. In just four centuries since Galileo’s first telescopic view, ETH Zurich and University of Rochester geophysicists provide a latest, worldwise, global Galileo description. We record this historic contrast over a short period and wonder once more about our nascent Earthican prodigy whom can achieve such findings.

Here we critically examine the geophysical and geochemical properties of the Moon in order to identify the extent to which dynamical scenarios satisfy these observations. New joint inversions of existing lunar geophysical data (mean mass, moment of inertia, and tidal response) assuming a laterally- and vertically homogeneous lunar mantle show that a core with a radius of 300±20 km is required. Taken together, there is no unambiguous geochemical or isotopic evidence for an impactor in the formation of the Moon, implying an equilibration between the proto-Earth and Moon-forming material. (Excerpt)

Stanway, Elizabeth. Applications of Stellar Population Synthesis in the Distant Universe. /galaxies. 8/1, 2020. A University of Warwick astrophysicist provides another example of the 21st century reach and depth of scientific explorations still in thier initial development via Earth and space sensory instrumentation, along with computational methods. By a natural philoSophia going forward, our collaborative humankinder, as able to instantly post, communicate, iterate and advance, seems poised to carry out a self-quantitative description of the whole animate ecosmos.

This review discusses both our current state of understanding of galaxies in the distant Universe, and how that understanding is informed by the stellar population synthesis models we use. Key examples and uncertainties are highlighted, and a holistic approach, in which all possible diagnostic indicators of a stellar population are considered, is advocated. (2)

Steinhardt, Charles and Josh Speagle. A Uniform History for Galaxy Evolution. arXiv:1409.2883. In a paper to appear in the Astrophysical Journal, California Institute of Technology and University of Tokyo researchers report a consensus observation result that developing galaxies of a common mass are remarkably similar to each other at any fixed redshift over a broad range. With such affinities, they are seen to have a predictable temporal course as a “morphological evolution.” But how amazing is it that human persons on a minute orb are yet able at all to quantify, describe, and comprehend such vast reaches. Surely there must be some reason of cosmic import unto discovery that we ought to ask about.

Recent observations indicate a remarkable similarity in the properties of evolving galaxies at fixed mass and redshift, prompting us to consider the possibility that most galaxies may evolve with a common history encompassing star formation, quasar accretion, and eventual quiescence. We quantify this by defining a "synchronization timescale" for galaxies as a function of mass and redshift that characterizes the extent to which different galaxies of a common mass are evolving in the same manner at various cosmic epochs. As a result, we propose a model in which the star-forming "main sequence", analogous quasar behavior, and other observations form a galactic evolution "main sequence", in which star formation occurs earliest, followed by supermassive black hole accretion, and feedback between the two are dominated by deterministic rather than stochastic processes. (Abstract)

Strigari, Louis, et al. A Common Mass Scale for Satellite Galaxies of the Milky Way. Nature. 454/1096, 2008. A collaboration from Irvine, Pasadena, New Haven, Cambridge, MA, and Cambridge, UK finds that some 23 mini-galaxies around the Milky Way, a notable discovery in themselves, in a realm attributed to dark matter, can be seen to take on a correlative hierarchical geometry. One then wonders what kind of universe evolves an Earthkind whom is lately able to gain such consciously perceived quantification.

Strom, Allison. The DNA of Galaxies. carnegiescience.edu/GalaxyDNA. A Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington public lecture by the Carnegie-Princeton astrophysicist which was presented on April 29, 2019. Again the summary invites an engaging view of galactic phenomena.

Like people, each of the billions of galaxies in the universe developed its own unique traits over a complicated lifetime. Until recently, astronomers have only been able to study galaxies closest to the Milky Way in detail, leaving much of the universe's history a mystery. Dr. Strom will show how astronomers are now using the world's largest telescopes to determine the chemical DNA of even very distant galaxies, and how this information is answering key questions about how galaxies like our own formed and evolved.

Tan, Qing-Hua, et al.. In situ spheroid formation in distant submillimetre-bright galaxies. Nature. 693/69, 2024. We enter this paper by eighteen astroscientists posted in China, France, the UK, Germany and Japan including Annagrazia Puglisi, among several similar each day, as a mid-decade exemplar of the ecosmic compass that our Earthuman explorers can now accomplish to quantify, so it seems, any dimension, feature and detail. As a result, one might note that a radical appreciation is in order of what individual persons are and a prodigious planetary is. Planatural Genesis will consider such revolutions this in our next Great Earethica section.

Most stars in today’s Universe reside within spheroids, which are bulges of spiral galaxies and elliptical galaxies. Here we show that spheroids are directly generated by star formation within the cores of luminous starburst galaxies in the distant Universe. Most of these galaxies are triaxial rather than flat disks. These observations simulations, reveal a cosmologically relevant pathway for in situ spheroid formation through starbursts that is triggered by interactions acting on galaxies fed by non-coplanar gas accretion streams. (Excerpt)

It is as humbling as it is motivating to think about how much we still have to learn about the universe. My collaborators and I have just tackled one of astrophysics’ enduring mysteries: how massive elliptical galaxies can form. Now, for the first time, we have solid observational evidence that provides an answer. Galaxies in the present-day universe fall into two broad categories of spiral galaxies, like our Milky Way, and elliptical galaxies, which are spherical. Future observations with JWST and Euclid space telescopes will map the distribution of stars in the distant ancestors.
(Annagrazia Puglisi, University of Southampton)

Taujimoto, Takuji. From Galactic Chemical Evolution to Cosmic Supernova Rates Synchronized with Core-Collapse. arXiv:2211.09160. We cite this entry by a National Astronomical Observatory of Japan researcher as an instance whereby one human member of a collaborative 2020s EartHuman sapience and elibrary resource can be able to learn about and describe, so it seems, any domain, reach, aspect of the whole celestial ecosmos. See also, for example The Basics of Primordial Black Hole Formation by Yoo, Chul-Moon Yoo, Nagoya University, Japan (2211.13512) and A Study of Warm Dark Matter by Bruce Hoeneisen, University of Quito, Ecuador (2211.12574). Such innate capacities of homo to Earthropo individuals requires a radically expansive 2020s definitive appreciation of our phenomenal identity and purpose.

Massive stars perish via one of two fates: core-collapse supernovae, which release synthesized heavy elements, or failed supernovae, thereby forming black holes. In the conventional Galactic chemical evolution (GCE) scheme, larger stars enrich the Galaxy with nucleosynthetic products. Here, we show that the chemicals shaped by thin disk stars meet the predictions by enrichment in the new paradigm of Galactic dynamics that allows stars to migrate from the inner disk. (Taujimoto Excerpt)

Teague, Richard. Focus on exoALMA. Astrophysical Journal Letters. April 2025.. Astrophysical Journal Letters. April, 2025. This entry is meant to record a major release and posting of results from this large worldwide project which was just completed. Search the arXiv preprint site where this cover item and many specific reports such as I. Science Goals, Project Design, and Data Products, exoALMA. III. System Property Extraction from Protoplanetary Disks and exoALMA. XVI. Predicting Signatures of Large-scale Turbulence in Protoplanetary Disks are available.

Planet formation appears to be a ubiquitous process which takes place in the gas- and dust-rich protoplanetary disks that encircle newly formed stars. Detailing these physical and chemical processes is vital to understand the diversity of mature planetary systems that we (Earthumanity) have found. The goal of the exoALMA program was to conduct deep spatial and spectral observations of fifteen sources to map out the gas distribution and dynamical state of the disks with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). The following Letters describe the developments in methodology and analysis necessary to interpret these data and consequent findings.

The Atacama Large Millimeter Array is an astronomical interferometer of 66 radio telescopes in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, which observe electromagnetic radiation. ALMA provides insight on star birth during the early Stelliferous era, along with local star and planet formation. The project is an international partnership amongst Europe, the United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Chile.

Torrel, Jean-Claude, et al. Complex Systems in Cosmology: “The Antennae” Case Study. Zhou, Jie, ed. Complex Sciences. Berlin: Springer, 2009. From Volume 2 of these proceedings of the First International Conference on Complex Systems, Shanghai, February 2009, French astrophysicists analyze a collisional impact between two galaxies that appears as two ears of an antenna so as to show that nonlinear phenomena and theories equally apply in this nebulae realm.

Due to its particular shape, “The Antennae” is a well-known complex cosmological dynamical structure. Classical simulations of this phenomenon are based on “top-down” models that required thousands of point-mass particles. We describe an approach for cosmological simulation based on a hierarchical multi-agent system, and evidence is shown that this approach significantly reduces the number of elements needed to simulate “The Antennae” structure. (Abstract, 1887)

A complex system is composed of interacting elements that, as a whole, exhibit properties which cannot be obviously deduced from the ones of the individual elements. Simulating such systems requires the computation of non-linear interactions and, thus, a high computing power bounds to the number of elements. Cosmology is a perfect example of this computing concern; from globular clusters to spiral galaxies, deep space shows a wide variety of complex patterns and behaviors. (1887)

Tyson, Neil de Grasse, et al. Welcome to the Universe: An Astrophysical Tour. Princeton: Princeton University Press,, 2016. The American Museum of Natural History cosmic impresario and senior Princeton astrophysicists Michael Strauss and Richard Gott guide the reader across the spatial cosmic expanse and its dynamic temporal course, with many important stops and topics along the way.

Inspired by the popular introductory astronomy course that Neil de Grasse Tyson, Michael A. Strauss, and J. Richard Gott taught together at Princeton, this book spans from planets, stars, and galaxies to black holes, wormholes, and time travel. Describing the latest discoveries, the informative narrative propels you from our home solar system to the outermost frontiers of space. Why did Pluto lose its planetary status? What are the prospects of intelligent life elsewhere? How did the universe begin? Is our universe alone or part of an infinite multiverse? Answering these and many other questions, the authors share their wonderment about this awesome celestial raiment.

Urbanowski, K.. A Universe Born in a Metastable False Vacuum State Need Not Die. arXiv:2207.10965. We enter this far-ranging contribution by a University of Zielona Gora, Poland physicist among a flow of recent studies to register that our historic Earthuman, person/planet, scientific endeavors have just now gained abilities to hypothetically contemplate an entire ecosmos as a unitary whole. See also Quintessential Cosmological Tensions by Arslan Adil and Andreas Albrecht (UC Davis) at 2207.10235. Our planatural view is note how fantastic it is that over 400 moon to multiverse years a most minute but novice Earthwise knowsphere can achieve such vast vistas. While brave Poland persists, it is again eyed by a nuclear enemy. However into the 2020s can our phenomenal Ecosmo sapiens capacity, role and significance become known in time?

We try to find astro-parameters which can allow a universe born in a certain condition to survive and not collapse. Our findings involve inequalities linking the depending on time t instantaneous decay rate Γ(t) of the false vacuum and the Hubble value H(t). Our analysis shows that the instability of the electroweak vacuum does not have to result in the tragic fate of our Universe leading to its death. (Excerpt)

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