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III. Ecosmos: A Revolutionary Fertile, Habitable, Solar-Bioplanet, Incubator LifescapeD. Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Living Systems Ouldridge, Thomas. The Importance of Thermodynamics for Molecular Systems, and the Importance of Molecular Systems for Thermodynamics. arXiv:1702.00360. An Imperial College London bioengineer first surveys chemical and stochastic versions as a theoretical basis, and applies these generative propensities as a way to better quantify and understand living, biomolecular, cellular, organic phenomena. Improved understanding of molecular systems has only emphasised the sophistication of networks within the cell. Simultaneously, the advance of nucleic acid nanotechnology, a platform within which reactions can be exquisitely controlled, has made the development of artificial architectures and devices possible. Vital to this progress has been a solid foundation in the thermodynamics of molecular systems. In this pedagogical review and perspective, I will discuss how thermodynamics determines both the overall potential of molecular networks, and the minute details of design. I will then argue that, in turn, the need to understand molecular systems is helping to drive the development of theories of thermodynamics at the microscopic scale. (Abstract) Pavlos, Georgios, et al. Universality Tsallis Non-Extensive Statistics and Fractal Dynamics for Complex Systems. Chaotic Modeling and Simulations (CMSIM). 2/2, 2012. We note this new online International Journal of Nonlinear Science, based in Eastern Europe, and this paper by Democritus University of Thrace and Aristotle University of Thessaloniki physicists as an example of the many places, ways and vernaculars that the nonlinear revolution is robustly underway. They speak of a “general, cosmic Ordering Principle,” a turn from reduction to integral self-organization, and so on. Constantino Tsallis (search) is a Greek-Brazilian thermodynamics theorist. See also Nonlinear Self-Organization Dynamics of a Metabolic Process of the Krebs Cycle by Valery Grytsay and Iryna Musatenko in the July 2014 issue. Pinero, Jordi and Ricard Sole. Nonequilibrium Entropic Bounds for Darwinian Replicators. Entropy. 20/2, 2018. Akin to Spinney, et al below, ICREA Complex Systems Lab, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona theorists join 21st century thermodynamic insights from Gavin Crooks, Susanne Still, Jeremy England, Anthony Bartolotta and others in search of better explanations of how life actually began. An aim of these entries is to finesse and unify the many geometric, self-similar, energetic, dissipative, informational, dynamical, Bayesian versions now in the theoretical mix. Life evolved on our planet by means of a combination of Darwinian selection and innovations leading to higher levels of complexity. Theoretical models have shown how populations of different types of replicating entities exclude or coexist with other classes of replicators. On the other hand, the presence of thermodynamical constrains for these systems remain an open question. This is largely due to the lack of a general theory of out of statistical methods for systems far from equilibrium. Nonetheless, a first approach to this problem has been put forward in a series of novel developements in non-equilibrium physics, under the rubric of the extended second law of thermodynamics. The work presented reviews this theoretical framework and briefly describes the three fundamental replicator types in prebiotic evolution: parabolic, Malthusian and hyperbolic. (Abstract)
Poudel, Ram, et al, eds.
Thermodynamics 2.0: Bridging the Natural and Social Sciences, Part 1.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A.
July,
2023.
RP, Appalachian State University, NC, UMass, Amherst, Assumption University, MA, Memorial University of Newfoundland, and Yildiz Technical University, Turkey introduce the topical issue as a frontier contribution by way of this theoretical resource to the historic endeavor to achieve a grand, credible synthesis of universe and humanverse. Typical authoritative entries are Philosophy of Thermodynamics by Arto Annila, Thermodynamics, Organisms and Behavior by Ben De Bari, et al, A Thermodynamic Basis for Teleological Causality, by Terrence Deacon, and Miguel Garcia-Valdecasas, Poudel, Ram. A Unified Science of Matter, Life and Evolution by Ram Poudel and Toward a Universal Theory of Stable Evolution by Peter Van. Thermodynamics is a universal science. The language of thermodynamics is energy and its derivatives such as entropy, power and information. A more unified system of human knowledge that encompasses both life and matter is inevitable. Indeed, this knowledge has been in the making within various branches of science for a while. This theme issue is an effort in that direction, one where we consider the unity of science within the language of thermodynamics. This two-part issue includes both theoretical and applied advances for bridging the natural and social sciences with an emphasis on methods sourced from thermodynamics and quantum theory. (Issue Preface) Prigogine, Ilya. From Being to Becoming. San Francisco: Freeman, 1980. A definitive statement of the revolutionary theories of nonequilibrium thermodynamics by their Nobel laureate founder. As a result, the old physics of a closed, static equilibrium is replaced by an open, dynamical emergence of a cosmic genesis. Living systems are “dissipative structures” that flourish due to their sustenance by a flow and dissipation of energy and information. Prigogine, Ilya. Nonlinear Science and the Laws of Nature. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos. 7/9, 1997. In an irreversibly developing universe, the arrow of an “evolutionary thermodynamics” can justify the directional rise of life. Pross, Addy. How Can a Chemical System Act Purposefully? Bridging Between Life and Non-Life. Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry. 21/7-8, 2008. Endorsed by Stuart Kauffman, the Ben-Gurion University chemist provides his latest views on an apparent innate propensity of chemical matter to spontaneously give rise to life’s ramifying evolution. This Abstract tells how and why. One of life's most striking characteristics is its purposeful (teleonomic) character, a character already evident at the simplest level of life - a bacterial cell. But how can a bacterial cell, effectively an aqueous solution of an assembly of biomolecules and molecular aggregates within a membrane (that is itself a macromolecular aggregate), act purposefully? In this review, we discuss this fundamental question by showing that the somewhat vague concept of purpose can be given precise physicochemical characterization, and can be shown to derive directly from the powerful kinetic character of the replication reaction. At the heart of our kinetic model is the idea that the stability that governs replicating systems is a dynamic kinetic stability, one that is distinctly different to the thermodynamic stability that dominates the inanimate world. Accordingly, living systems constitute a kinetic state of matter as opposed to the thermodynamic states that dominate the inanimate world. Thus, the model is able to unite animate and inanimate within a single conceptual framework, yet is able to account for life's unique characteristics, amongst them its purposeful character. As part of that unification, it is demonstrated that key Darwinian concepts are special examples of more general chemical concepts. (Abstract) Rajpurohit, Tanmay and Wassim Haddad. Stochastic Thermodynamics: A Dynamical Systems Approach. Entropy. Online December, 2017. Georgia Tech engineering theorists (search Haddad) post an intensely mathematical treatise for a later 2010s embellishment of natural, generative energies, broadly conceived, that make the cosmos and world go. We add quotes to help convey its essence and intent. Apropos the third entry, as scientists seek to unite atomic and astral realms, how might our middle/meso humankinder quantification be of equal cosmic import? In this paper, we develop an energy-based, large-scale dynamical system model driven by Markov diffusion processes to present a unified framework for statistical thermodynamics predicated on a stochastic dynamical systems formalism. Specifically, using a stochastic state space formulation, we develop a nonlinear stochastic compartmental dynamical system model characterized by energy conservation laws that is consistent with statistical thermodynamic principles. (Abstract excerpt) Roberts, Bryan. Reversing the Arrow of Time. arXiv.2212.03489. The author of this online 266 page volume is Director of the Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Sciences at the London School of Economics. We note for its merits and as an example of how a single human being seems readily capable of viewing an entire cosmological theoretic scenario. The arrow of time refers to the curious asymmetry that distinguishes the future from the past. Here I contend there is a link between the symmetries of 'time’s course in physical theories, which has wide-ranging implications. This relation clarifies how we can learn about the symmetries of our world, what is real, and how to overcome pervasive illusions. (Editor) Robledo, Alberto. Unifying Laws in Multidisciplinary Power-Law Phenomena. Gell-Mann, Murray and Constantino Tsallis, eds. Nonextensive Entropy – Interdisciplinary Applications. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. An example of the worldwide discovery of a creative, organic universe, in need of translation. Critical, power-law behavior in space and/or time manifests in a large variety of complex systems within physics and, nowadays, more conspicuously in other fields, such as biology, ecology, geophysics, and economics. Universality, the same power-law holding for completely different systems, is a consequence of the characteristic self-similar, scale-invariant property of criticality… (63) Rovelli, Carlo. How Causation is Rooted into Thermodynamics. arXiv:2211.00888. The University of Toulouse polyphysicist contributes his latest deeply considerate insights about such an aimed arrow flight of time and fate. In regard, an allusion is offer that our beingness takes on a causal factor. The notions of cause and effect are widely employed in science. I discuss why and how they are rooted into thermodynamics. The entropy gradient (i) explains in which sense interventions affect the future rather than the past, and (ii) underpins the time orientation of the subject of knowledge as a physical system. Via these two distinct paths, it is this gradient, and only this gradient, the source of the time orientation of causation, namely the fact the cause comes before its effects. Rubi, J. Miguel. The Long Arm of the Second Law. Scientific American. November, 2008. The University of Barcelona physicist allows that although the cosmic tide of entropy surely flows, complexity and consciousness may arise via open non-equilibrium systems. Which seems basically the theoretical case made by Ilya Prigogine and colleagues some thirty years ago. Waste is unavoidable—a sad fact of life quantified by the famous second law of thermodynamics. But if the world is steadily becoming more disordered, how do you explain the self-organization that often occurs in nature? At root, the trouble is that classical thermodynamics assumes systems are in equilibrium, a placid condition seldom truly achieved in the real world. A new approach closes this loophole and finds that the second law holds far from equilibrium. But the evolution from order to disorder can be unsteady, allowing for pockets of self-organization. (63)
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