III. Ecosmos: A Revolutionary Fertile, Habitable, Solar-Bioplanet, Incubator Lifescape

1. Quantum Cosmology Theoretic Unity

Mastichiadis, Apostolos, et al. A Roadmap to Hadronic Supercriticalities. arXiv:2003.06956. A Roadmap to Hadronic Supercriticalities. arXiv:2003.06956. We cite this entry by National University of Athens astrophysicists for itself and for wider implications. When this site went online in the early 2000s there was little if any notice of such complexities across the celestial raiment. Today it is readily accepted that nonlinear phenomena like critical phase transitions occur in this widest realm, just as everywhere else. Once again a natural universality is found which well implies an independent, mathematical source. A philoSophia glimpse would be how grand it is that collaborative persons from this ancient land are now able to travel to and quantify this cosmic breadth and depth.

Hadronic supercriticalities are radiative instabilities that appear when large amounts of energy are stored in relativistic protons. When the proton energy density exceeds some critical value, a runaway process is initiated resulting in the explosive transfer of the proton energy into electron-positron pairs and radiation and the increase of the photon-to-proton efficiency. We show that supercriticalities are possible for the whole range of source parameters related to compact astrophysical sources. We also provide an in-depth look at the physical mechanisms of hadronic supercriticalities and show that magnetized relativistic plasmas are excellent examples of non-linear dynamical systems. (Abstract)

The basic premise of a hadronic scenario as applied to the compact high-energy emitting region(s) of an astrophysical source can be summarised as follows. The model assumes the presence of a relativistic proton population that interacts with its environment in two main ways. First, the gyromotion of protons in the magnetic fields of the source produces synchrotron emission, and secondly, the photohadronic interactions with low-energy photons lead to the production of many secondary particles. (1)

Mathews, Grant, et al. Origin of Matter and Space-Time in the Big Bang. AIP Conference Proceedings. 1594, May, 2014. A paper from the Origins of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies 2013 held in November in Tsukuba, Japan by University of Notre Dame, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, and Soongsil University, Korea astrophysicists. Akin to Wainwright herein, what fantastic abilities do we phenomenal human beings have in and of a self-observing and discovering universe?

We review the case for and against a bulk cosmic motion resulting from the quantum entanglement of our universe with the multiverse beyond our horizon. Within the current theory for the selection of the initial state of the universe from the landscape multiverse there is a generic prediction that pre-inflation quantum entanglement with other universes should give rise to a cosmic bulk flow with a correlation length of order horizon size and a velocity field relative to the expansion frame of the universe. If this interpretation is correct it has profound implications in that we may be observing for the first time both the physics that occurred before the big bang and the existence of the multiverse beyond our horizon. (Abstract excerpts)

We are at a unique period in the history of the human understanding of the cosmos. For the first time, we have a clear picture of what the universe is comprised of, how long it has been in existence, and how it will evolve in the future. This knowledge is the culmination of investigations via a number of cosmological probes including supernovae, observations of the large scale distribution of galaxies and the inter-galactic medium, analysis of the cosmic microwave background, and studies of the nucleosynthesis of the elements in the first few moments of cosmic expansion in the big bang along with the first stars of the early universe. In these notes, however, we review a number of outstanding questions and highlight the input that big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) provides toward answering them. (5)

McCormick, Katie. Particle Physicists Puzzle Over a New Duality. Quanta. August 1, 2022. A science journalist describes a confluence of recent empirical physics findings that infer a certain code-like relation in a gluon phase. A prime investigator Lance Dixon, a Stanford University astro-particle physicist, whose collegial paper is Folding Amplitudes into Form Factors: An Antipodal Duality in Physical Review Letters (128/111602, 2022). Dixon was joined by Anastasia Volovich and others which led to a “letters” identity for a particle’s energy and momentum. Our interest is how readily a genetic view is adopted so to consider that some similar correspondence might be going on.

A hidden link has been found between two seemingly unrelated particle collision outcomes. It’s the latest example of a mysterious web of mathematical connections between disparate theories of physics.

Dixon compares this new antipodal phenomena to the genetic code, in which four chemical building blocks combine to form the genes in a strand of DNA. Like the genetic code, the “DNA of particle scattering,” as he calls it, has rules about which combinations of words are allowed. Some of these rules follow from known physical or mathematical principles, but others seem arbitrary. In Dixon’s DNA analogy, the duality is like reading a genetic sequence backward and realizing that it encodes a totally new protein unrelated to the one encoded by the original sequence.

McGaugh, Stacy, et al. Dynamical Regularities in Galaxies. arXiv:1090.02011. Case Western Reserve University, European Southern Observatory, Munich, and University of Oregon astrophysicists post a chapter to appear in the IAU Symposium 353 (Shanghai, June 2019) volume Galactic Dynamics in the Era of Large Surveys.

Galaxies are observed to obey a strict set of dynamical scaling relations. We review these relations for rotationally supported disk galaxies spanning many decades in mass, surface brightness, and gas content. The behavior of these widely varied systems can be summarized with a handful of empirical laws connected by a common acceleration scale. (Abstract)

Mekjian, Aram. Generalized Statistical Models of Voids and Hierarchical Structure in Cosmology. Astrophysical Journal. 655/1, 2007. Wherein the presence of scale-free, power-law geometries for distributions of galaxies is described.

Montani, Giovanni, et al. Primordial Cosmology. Singapore: World Scientific, 2011. A 600 page comprehensive volume by University of Rome, Centre of Theoretical Physics, Marseille, and University of London, physicists that courses from Historical Notions to the latest Physical, Mathematical, and Quantum Cosmologies. A 2009 book with the same title by Patrick Peter and Jean-Philippe Uzan (Oxford) covers similar material in a more technical way.

Primordial Cosmology deals with one of the most puzzling and fascinating topics debated in modern physics — the nature of the Big Bang singularity. The authors provide a self-consistent and complete treatment of the very early Universe dynamics, passing through a concise discussion of the Standard Cosmological Model, a precise characterization of the role played by the theory of inflation, up to a detailed analysis of the anisotropic and inhomogeneous cosmological models. The most peculiar feature of this book is its uniqueness in treating advanced topics of quantum cosmology with a well-traced link to more canonical and pedagogical notions of fundamental cosmology. (Publisher)

Nadis, Steve. Making Multiverses. Astronomy. October, 2005. From a special cosmology issue, the latest vistas of inflation, strings, constants, and so on, amidst a proliferation of bubbling universes.

Nadis, Steve. Nadis, Steve. Mathematicians Attempt to Glimpse Past the Big Bang. Quanta. May 31, 2024. By studying the geometry of model space-times, researchers offer alternative views of the universe’s first moments. A science writer profiles Ghazal Geshnizjani, Perimeter Institute, Jerome Quintin, University of Waterloo, and Eric Ling, University of Copenhagen as they collaborate on the latest studies of how the entire universe might have come into being. Their prime paper is On the initial singularity and extendibility of flat quasi-de Sitter spacetimes by GG, et al in the Journal of High Energy Physics (Vol. 182, 2023). See also Anisotropic examples of inflation-generating initial conditions for the big bang at arXiv:2403.02471 and Fingerprints of a Non-Inflationary Universe from Massive Fields at arXiv:2405.11016 for other entries by team members. Our plaNatural philoSophia interest then wonders about an ecosmic spacescene whence billions of years later an optimum bioglobe attains a sapiensphere progeny able to accomplish an aware, retrospective description. What kind of reality seems made and meant to achieve its post-recognition maybe so as to select and affirm itself? What manner of genetic-like informed knowledge might accumulate along with this capricious ascent?

A Taxonomy of Singularities The central issue confronting Geshnizjani, Ling and Quintin is whether there is a point prior to inflation at which the laws of gravity break down in a singularity. The simplest example of a mathematical singularity is what happens to the function 1/x as x approaches zero. The function takes a number x as an input, and outputs another number. As x gets smaller and smaller, 1/x gets larger and larger, approaching infinity. If x is zero, the function is no longer well defined: It can’t be relied upon as a description of reality. (SN)

A singularity hints at the fact that general relativity can’t be a complete description of the basic rules of physics. Efforts to form such a description, which would require reconciling general relativity with quantum mechanics, are ongoing. In order to make sense of the universe at the highest energy levels, he said, “we first need to understand classical physics as well as we can.” (SN)

Nath, Pran. Particle physics and cosmology intertwined.. arXiv:2402.04170. While the widest substantial pairing that entitles this unit came together in the 1980s, and online for us in 2004, here in 2024 we post a latest version by a Northeastern University physicist to convey how their overall definitive unification has held up. See also A Search for Classical Subsystems in Quantum Worlds by Arsalan, Adil, et al at arXiv:2403.10895 for another example.

While the standard model describes data at the electroweak scale without inclusion of gravity, beyond the standard model physics is increasingly intertwined with gravitational phenomena and cosmology. Thus gravity mediated breaking of supersymmetry in supergravity models lead to particle masses, which are gravitational in origin, observable at TeV scales and testable at the LHC, and supergravity also provides a candidate for dark matter. The above implies that particle physics and cosmology are intrinsically intertwined in the resolution of essentially all of the cosmological phenomena. (Abstract)

Nobbenhuis, Stefan. Categorizing Different Approaches to the Cosmological Constant Problem. Foundations of Physics. 36/5, 2006. A lengthy paper from Gerard ‘t Hooft’s Institute for Theoretical Physics at Utrecht University which we cite as an example of deep angst at the conceptual foundations of the materialist paradigm. This “constant” is widely noted as a cosmic fudge factor.

In this paper we categorized the different approaches to the cosmological constant problem. The many different ways in which it can be phrased often blurs the road to a possible solution. So far we can only conclude that in fact none of the approaches described above is a real outstanding candidate for a solution of the “old cosmological constant problem. Most effort nowadays is in finding a physical mechanism that drives the Universe’s acceleration, but as we have seen these approaches, be it by modifying general relativity in the far infrared, or by studying higher dimensional braneworlds, generally do not convincingly attack the old and most basic problem.

Since even the sometimes very drastic modifications advocated in the proposals we discussed do not lead to a satisfactory answer, this seems to imply that the ultimate theory of quantum gravity might very well be based on very different grounds that imagined so far. The only way out could be the discovery of a symmetry that forbids a cosmological constant term to appear. (669)

Overbye, Dennis. All Signs Point to Higgs, But Scientific Certainty is a Waiting Game. New York Times. March 5,, 2013. An article in a special Science Tuesday edition “Chasing the Higgs,” written by Overbye, as a succinct entry to the Large Hadron Collider project to detect at extreme depths and energies this theoretically crucial particle and force field. A grand story of dedicated personalities who by fits and starts build, repair, operate, and fine tune huge machinery, instrumentation, computer support, along with wonderment what does it all mean? Yet, per the second quote, is it an experiment too far? Are physicists placing too much emphasis on this approach, because it is what they have and can do? Should we bet that such reductions are the window to reality, or might something wholly else be going on, that Colliders miss and exclude, say an immaterial mathematical code which serves a genesis procreation visible more by its emergent progeny?

In December 2011, shortly after CERN teams first declared that they had seen signs of the famous boson with a mass of 125 billion electron volts, Gian Giudice, a CERN theorist, and his colleagues ran the numbers and concluded that the universe was in a precarious condition and could be prone to collapse in the far, far future. (E6) The calculations also depend crucially on the mass of the top quark, the heaviest known elementary particle, as well as the Higgs, neither of which have been weighed precisely enough yet to determine the fate of the universe. If the top quark were just a little lighter or the Higgs a little heavier, 130 billion electron volts, Dr. Giudice said, the vacuum would in fact be stable. (E6)

It’s a puzzle, he said, why the universe exists in such a critical state. In an e-mail, Dr. Giudice wrote, “Why do we happen to live at the edge of collapse?” He went on, “In my view, the message about near-criticality of the universe is the most important thing we have learned from the discovery of the Higgs boson so far.” Guido Tonelli of CERN and the University of Pisa, said, “If true, it is somehow magic.” We wouldn’t be having this discussion, he said, if there hadn’t been enough time already for this universe to produce galaxies, stars, planets and “human beings who are attempting to produce a vision of the world,” he said. “So, in some sense, we are here, because we have been lucky, because for this particular universe the lottery produced a certain set of numbers, which allow the universe to have an evolution, which is very long.” (E6)

Overbye, Dennis. Black Holes May Hide a Mind-Bending Secret About Our UniVerse. New York Times. October 10, 2022. Take gravity, add quantum mechanics, stir. What do you get? Just maybe, a holographic cosmos. A succinct review of attempts by quantum and astro physicists to appreciate that their fields have a deep commonality to an extent as being one and the same. A main player is Stanford’s Leonard Susskind (arxiv:1708.03040) along with many colleagues.

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