Recent Additions: New and Updated Entries in the Past 60 Days
Displaying entries 1 through 15 of 37 found.

Pedia Sapiens: A Planetary Progeny Comes to Her/His Own Twintelligent Gaiable Knowledge

Bangura, Abdul Karim. Russian Fractals in Indigenous Artifacts.. Wilmington, DE: Vernon Press, 2025. The prolific polyscholar from Sierra Leone (google his many credits) casts his perceptive vision to reveal a many self-similar forms which deeply distinguish traditional Slavic artifacts. Once again a light has been shined on nature’s familiar, mathematic invariance.

This unique volume reveals how indigenous Russian cultures have a wonderful Fractal heritage that arose from socially just and ecologically sustainable social practices, such as northern Yakut. Today, the challenge for contemporary Russia is to reestablish the relationship between the social and ecological sustainability of indigenous peoples. Abdul Bangura expresses the current need for a Fractal renaissance which joins computational and scientific analyses with these venerable traditions.

Abdul Karim Bangura of Sierra Leone is Researcher-In-Residence of Abrahamic Connections and Islamic Peace Studies at American University’s Center for Global Peace in Washington, DC, USA. He holds advanced degrees in Political Science, Development Economics, Linguistics, Computer Science, and Mathematics.

Liu, Zizhou, et al. The Mind in the Machine: A Survey of Incorporating Psychological Theories in LLMs. arXiv:2505.00003. Columbia University, Barnard College and Cambridge University infoscholars contribute to a current endeavors trying to get a better bead/read on where profligate ChatBot literacies and responses are coming from and going to. This Spiral turning (Turing) section is concerned with validating their personal Earthuman venue as an interactive, reciprocal sciencesphere, while the Earthificial module below is about their cognitive essence and content. See also Nature's Insight: A Comprehensive Analysis of Agentic Reasoning by Zinan Liu, et al at arXiv:2505.05515.

Psychological insights have long shaped Natural language processing by way of attention mechanisms, reinforcement learning, and Theory of Mind. behavior, and interaction. This paper reviews how psychological theories can help inform LLMs stages including pre-training, evaluation and application. Our survey integrates insights from cognitive, behavioral, social, personality psychology, and psycholinguistics. (Abstract)

Marsili, Matteo and Yasser Roudi.. Quantifying Relevance in Learning and Inference. Physics Reports. Volume 963, 2022. We cite this entry by Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy and Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology physicists because it is mainly about an apparent physical propensity to seek and gain more relative, functional knowledge, whose frontier is our human sapience. In a philosophia mind, one might view a learning universe which needs to achieve its own self-observance, description and record. As the quotes allude, this ultimatel endeavor, aka bit to it information, can be seen as another instance of an inherent self-organized critical process. See also Abstraction requires breadth: a renormalisation group approach by C. Caputo, E. Seiffert and M. Marsili at 2407.01656 for more.

Learning is a distinctive feature of intelligent behaviour. Here we review recent progress on based on the notion of "relevance" which quantifies the amount of information that a dataset or representation contains. This allows us to define maximally informative samples and optimal learning machines where both exhibit critical features. This identifies samples obeying Zipf's law as the most compressed loss-less representations that are optimal in the sense of maximal relevance. (Excerpt)

Maximal relevance and criticality in efficient coding and statistical learning The above discussion implies that when samples are generated to be maximally informative, they should exhibit statistical criticality. Natural and artificial learning systems offer a further test for the criticality hypothesis. That the brain operates in a critical state has been advanced by many authors. The observation that neural networks have enhanced computational efficiency at the edge of chaos is well known. (20, 21)

Cutts, Elise. The Strange Physics That Gave Birth to AI. Quanta. April 30, 2025. A science writer tells the story of how John Hopfield, the 2024 Nobel laureate for his 1980s discovery of neural networks, came to this realization by way of condensed matter physics spin glass and Ising models. Co-recipient Geoffrey Hinton later joined in and teamed up in pursuit. A 2016 paper, Dense Associative Memory for Pattern Recognition, by Dmitry Krotov and John Hopfield (arXiv:1606.01164) is cited as an interim phase. See also The Computer Scientist Who Builds Big Pictures from Small Detail by John Pavlus in Quanta (October 7, 2024) for similar studies.

Other entries in this special Quanta Science, Promise and Peril in the Age of AI collection are What the Most Essential Terms in AI Really Mean by John Pavlus, Where Do Scientists Think This Is All Going? by Michael Mayer, Will AI Ever Understand Language Like Humans? with Janna Levin and Steven Strogatz and What Happens When AI Starts to Ask the Questions? by Gregory Barber.

It started as a fantasy, then a promise — inspired by biology and animated by the ideas of physicists — and grew to become a powerful research tool. Now artificial intelligence has evolved into something else: a junior colleague, a partner in creativity, an impressive if unreliable wish-granting genie. It has changed everything, from how we relate to data and truth, to how researchers devise experiments and mathematicians think about proofs. In this special series, we explore how AI is changing what it means to do science and math, and what it means to be a scientist. (Quanta intro.)

Nugent, Selin. Darwin in the machine: addressing algorithmic individuation through evolutionary narratives in computing. AI & Society.. April 19, 2025. A Centre for AI, Culture and Society, Oxford Brookes University polyscholar (visit website) seeks to ground these current planetary cerebral frontiers all the way back to life’s long recurrent emergence. By so doing, another innovative view on an analogical nature is achieved.

This paper examines the application of an evolutionary analogy to AI research by way of individuated and autonomous imaginaries through biological diction. Here we study how evolution is invoked in AI narratives through language and concepts across three fields: computing, Artificial Life, and existential risk. I argue that the intertwined history between evolutionary theory and technological change involves (1) the limits of analogies in relation to biological organisms so to balance creative inspiration with scientific caution and (2) multidisciplinary engagement with misinformation. (Except)

Ecosmos: A Revolutionary Fertile, Habitable, Solar-Bioplanet, Incubator Lifescape

Caliz, Andres, et al. A coherent approach to quantum-classical optimization. Communications Physics. 8/197, 2025. team from Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech, Barcelona introduce Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech jeir latest innovative methods to launch market-ready quantum computation and communication facilities based on an integral blend of physical stages and their analog/digital reciprocal modes. Here is another example of a present versatility in this basic realm as it also illumes a new cocreativity.

Hybrid quantum-classical optimization techniques can reduce of high quantum computational resources. Here we identify the coherence entropy as a crucial metric which determines quantum states as effective initialization candidates. Our findings are validated by way of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm, which finds pure Gibbs states. (Excerpt)

Unlocking nature through analog quantum computing Because nature is intrinsically quantum and analog, our custom-designed, analog approach opens the true potential of quantum computing, delivering faster, more accurate and sustainable solutions for simulation, optimization and AI. (Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech)

Touil, Akram, et al. Consensus About Classical Reality in a Quantum Universe.. arXiv:2503.14791. Los Alamos National Laboratory theorists led by Wojciech Zurek discuss a latest version of his Quantum Darwinism (search WZ) which has been growing in veracity and evidence since the 1990s.

Quantum Darwinism recognizes that decoherence imprints redundant records of quasi-classical pointer states on the environment which are then accessed by observers. We quantify consensus using information-theoretic measures to assess the correlation between the records available to observers. We then test proposed measures of consensus in a solvable model of decoherence as well as in a many-body system. These results provide novel understandings of how our classical world arises from the fundamentally quantum Universe we inhabit. (Abstract)

Zurek, Wojciech. Decoherence and Quantum Darwinism: From Quantum Foundations to Classical Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2025.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2025. The Los Alamos National Laboratory physicist gifts us, after some decades of collegial consideration, with a book length version of his deeply insightful theories. As the quotes say, we seem to abide in and emerge from a stochastic evolutionary process of many called and few (self) chosen writ large, which into the 2020s is being widely realized. One wonders if it even applies to candidate, sentient bioplanets like our own.

The measurement problem has been a central puzzle of quantum theory since its inception, and understanding how the classical world emerges from our essential quantum universe is key to its resolution. Here Zurek builds on the physics of decoherence and introduces the theory of 'Quantum Darwinism' to provide a novel account of the emergence of classical reality. Part II explores decoherence and its role in the quantum-to-classical transition. Part III introduces Quantum Darwinism to explain how an information-theoretic perspective complements, elucidates, and reconciles 20th century interpretations.

Quantum Darwinism is a theory meant to explain the emergence of the classical world from quantum origins by a process akin to Darwinian natural selection induced by the environment whereby many possible quantum states are selected in favor of a stable measured or recorded state.

Osipova, Anastasiia and Sergey Pilipenkoar. On the maximal velocity of collid ing galaxies. arXiv:2502.16337.. We cite this entry by Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow researchers for its content and as an example of how Earthuman scientific endeavors seem to be moved to learn all about any breadth and depth of our congested spacescape wherever they can. See also Merging of spiral galaxies by Alexander Khoperskov, et al at arXiv:2502.16642 and Toward a Modified Framework for Explaining Cosmic Structure Formation and Evolution by Robert Nyagisera, et al. in Astronomy (3/1, 2024)
for another instance.

In the current galaxy formation paradigm, collisions play a crucial role. A fraction of them are flyby events, and a galaxy that has passed through another galaxy is called a backsplash occasion. One signature of these incidents is that they have high velocities relative to their environment. In this paper, we develop such a theory based on the Zel'dovich approximation and use it to determine the maximal expected velocity of a galactic intersect.

Aerts, Diederik, et al. From Quantum Cognition to Conceptuality Interpretation II. arXiv:2412.19809. Vrije Universiteit Brussels and University of Udine, Italy continue to finesse their innovative theories as by which quantum-like phenomena is seen in effect in psychological, social and literary domains. See also The physics and metaphysics of the conceptuality interpretation of quantum mechanics by Aerts, D. and Sassoli de Bianchi, M. at arXiv:2310.10684 for an earlier edition and The cognitive triple-slit experiment at arXiv:2505.05497 for a latest version.

An overview of the conceptuality interpretation of quantum mechanics is presented, along with how it sheds light on key quantum and relativistic phenomena. We propose that it clarifies Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, entanglement-based nonlocality, superposition, delayed choice experiments, quantum measurements and more. Finally, we suggest that it outlines the intellectual trajectory leading from applications of quantum notions to human cognition. This article is the second in a two-part series whereof the first is 2412.06799. (Excerpt)

Zuchowski, Lena. From Randomness and Entropy to the Arrow of Time. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2024. A University of Bristol theorist contributes a volume to the CUP Elements in the Philosophy of Physics series which provides some latest clarifications about how life, persons and bioplanet fly away from chaos toward open creativity.

This Element reconstructs, analyses and compares different routes to ground the Arrow of Time in entropy. Three main aspects are the Empirical Arrow of Time, the Universal Statistical Arrow of Time and the Local Statistical Arrow of Time. The text will demonstrate it is unlikely that high entropy states will always coincide with visible disorder. Therefore, it will dispute that there is a strong link between the Arrow of Time and visible disorder.

Scrutton, Nigel, et al. Transitioning enzyme catalysis towards photocatalysis. Philosophical Transactions A. May, 2025. In a special Science into the next millennium: 25 years on’ issue which compares the state of 2025 research with earlier 2000 entries, veteran University of Manchester chemists record the broad extent that enzyme biocatalysis has been found to take in life’s metabolism. See also Fundamental physics, existential risks and human futures by Adrian Kent and Computational modelling of biological systems by Axel Loewe in this edition.

Enzyme biocatalysis offers routes to chemical transformations that avoid expensive metal catalysts, high temperatures and pressures, while providing enantio-, regio- and chemo-selectivities. Here, we review the emergence of photobiocatalysis as a new frontier of natural photoenzymes. We consider repurposing natural enzymes as photobiocatalysts and discuss their de novo design which as a general concept would transform catalysis science. (Excerpt)

Wordsworth, Robin, et al. Applied Astrobiology: An Integrated Approach to the Future of Life in Space. . . Astrobiology., 2025. Some sixteen coauthors including Adam Frank, Esther Dyson, Peter Girguis, David Grinspoon, Sara Seager and Dimitri Sasselov propose a wnole spacescape which blends our potential human interstellar presence with a profusion of exoplanet biosigns.

Searching for extraterrestrial life and supporting human life in space are traditionally regarded as separate challenges. However, there are significant benefits to an approach that treats them as different aspects of the same essential problem: How can we conceptualize life beyond our home planet?

Vidotto, Aline. Star–Planet Interactions: A Computational View. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics.. Volume 63, 2025. A Leiden Observatory professor and SPI group leader presents the latest evidential findings which convey and quantify how whole dynamic solar systems possess an overall physical identity. See also A Resonant Beginning for the Solar System Terrestrial Planets by this Leiden effort at arXiv:2506.04164.

There are several physical processes between an exoplanet and its host star such as magnetic forces, stellar outflow, radiative and tidal. Their strengths depend on the architecture of planetary systems, as well as the age and activity of the solar center. Here, I present an overview of star-planet interactions which vary in time from hours to giga-years related to planetary orbital motion, rotation and stellar flares, cycles and long-term evolution. I advocate that future 3D models should be informed by multi-wavelength, (near-)simultaneous observations. (Excerpt)

I covered three main SPI types which are mediated by stellar magnetism: radiative interactions expand exoplanetary atmospheres, particle flows are affected by the stellar wind and magnetic connections between stellar and planetary field lines. The strength of the SPI depends on the architecture of planetary systems, as well as the age and activity of the host stars. (36)

Cmiel, Jessica, et al. Characterizing the Radiative-Convective Structure of Dense Rocky Planet Atmospheres.. arXiv:2505.00775. This 2025 entry by Harvard astroscientists describes extensive quantifications of the early Earth crustal ground to gaseous envelope environment. As these findings attest, they identify another still more Goldilocks just-right conditions for living systems to appear, survive, evolve and reach their present retrospect. See also A cool runaway greenhouse without surface magma ocean by Franck Selsis, et al in Nature (620/287, 2023).

We use a radiative-convective model to simulate hot, dense terrestrial-planet atmospheres. We find that strong shortwave absorption by H2O and CO2 inhibits near-surface convection, which reduces surface temperatures compared to convective predictions. We also show that greenhouse gases such as SO2 and NH3 have a limited warming effect. Our results highlight the role of shortwave heating on magma ocean planets and the need for improved high-temperature spectroscopy. (Excerpt).

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