Recent Additions: New and Updated Entries in the Past 60 Days
Displaying entries 1 through 15 of 62 found.

Beiro, Mariano, et al. Signs of Criticality in Social Explosions. arXiv:2305.01944. University of Buenos Aires, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Complexity Science Hub Vienna (Stefan Thurner) and International Valencian University, Spain systems theorists describe a unique, extensive project which has found that even this hyper-active, multi-faceted public intensity tends toward, exhibits and is distinguished a self-organized ciriticalities which endow near-optimum communicative conditions.

The success of an on-line movement could be defined by a shift to off-line street actions of protests. One may view these macro-behaviors as spontaneous interactions, which will give rise to common simplifications on several statistics. Here, we go on to observe of signs of criticality in such dynamic public demonstrations. Namely, the same power-law exponents are found whenever the distributions are calculated, either due to the same windows-time or the number of hashtags. By means of network arrays, we show that the systems take on two correlations with high or low values of modularity. The importance of analysing systems near a critical point is that any small disturbance can escalate and induce large-scale -- nationwide -- chain reactions. (Abstract excerpt)

Ciaunica, Anna, et al. Nested Selves: Self-Organization and Shared Markov Blankets in Prenatal Development in Humans.. PsyArixiv Preprints, May 2023. We review this post by AC, University of Lisbon, Michael Levin, Tufts University, Fernando Rosas, University of Sussex, and Karl Friston, University College London (search each) as they move on to a unique perception that life’s embryonic stage can be rightly viewed as a self-organizing process. Into 2023, this occasion becomes evident within a biological self-making milieu and a newly fertile physical basis. So once more, along with Autorino and Petridou, a true evolutionary gestation takes credence as a genesis synthesis.

The immune system is a central component of organismic function in humans. This paper addresses self-organisation of a biological system in relation to — and nested within — an other biological system in pregnancy. Indeed, the hierarchical relationship in pregnancy reflects an earlier autopoietic process in the embryo by which the number of individuals in a single blastoderm is determined by cell-cell interactions. Specifically, we consider the role of the immune system in biological self-organisation in addition to neural/brain systems that furnish us with a sense of self. In pregnancy, two immune systems need to exchange resources and information to maintain viable self-regulation of nested systems. We then propose mechanisms that scaffold tise complex relationship through the lens of the Active Inference, with a focus on shared Markov blankets. (Abstract excerpt))

Rispoli, Matthew, et al. Quantum Critical Behavior at the Many-Body Localization Transition. arXiv:1812.06959. We cite this 2018 entry by Harvard physicists in Spring 2023 as an example of how some five years later their early witness of this phenomenal behavior has become robustly evident, as this section documents. As the PediaPedia Earthica section next continues, as the spiral of science to a global sapiensphere with her/his own findings and knowledge, the present moment and advance can be appreciated as convergent synthesis and discovery.

Phase transitions are driven by collective fluctuations of a system's constituents that emerge at a critical point. This mechanism has been extensively explored for classical and quantum systems in equilibrium, whose critical behavior is described by a general theory of phase transitions. Our results unify the system's microscopic structure with its macroscopic quantum critical behavior, and they provide an essential step towards understanding criticality and universality in non-equilibrium systems. (Excerpt)

Our Planatural Edition: A 21st Century PhiloSophia, Earthropo Ecosmic PediaVersion

Evans, Constantine, et al. Pattern Recognition in the Nucleation Kinetics of Non-Equilibrium Self-Assembly. arXiv:2207.06399. This intricate, frontier posting by Cal Tech and University of Chicago computational biologists including Erik Winfree is able to graphically describe an expansive, self-similar consistency from molecules all the way to minds. Its deep neural net operations are found to well apply across these domains to an extent life’s spatial and temporal developmental panorama and self-observation well appears as a procreative genesis.

Inspired by biology's best computer, the brain, neural networks achieve a profound reformulation of computational principles. Analogous high-dimensional, interconnected architectures also arise within information-processing molecular systems inside living cells,. Might neuromorphic collective modes be thus found broadly in other physical and chemical processes such as protein synthesis, metabolism, or structural self-assembly? Here we examine nucleation of animate structures to show that complex patterns can be classified similar to neural network computation. Specifically, we design a set of 917 DNA tiles that can self-assemble in three alternative ways such that competitive nucleation depends on the co-localization of tiles within the three structures. This success suggests that ubiquitous physical phenomena, such as nucleation, may hold powerful information processing capabilities when scaled up to more intricate systems. (Abstract excerpt)

Safron, Adam, et al. Making and Breaking Symmetries in Mind and Life. Interface Focus. April, 2023. Johns Hopkins University, SUNY Stony Brook, McGill University, Monash University and Tufts University (Michael Levin) introduce and edit an eclectic collection as a thematic essence that mindful behaviors provide a heretofore undervalued formative force. A broad sample of entries include Reflections on the Asymmetry of Causation by Jenann Ismael; On Bayesian Mechanics: A Physics of and by Beliefs by Maxwell Ramstead, et al; Embodied cognitive morphogenesis as a route to intelligent systems by Bradley Alicea, et al, As Without, So Within: How the Brain’s Temporal-Spatial Alignment Shapes Consciousness by Georg Northoff, et al; Emergence of common concepts, symmetries and conformity in agent groups by Marco Moller and Daniel Polani.

Symmetries appear throughout the natural world, making them important in our quest to understand the world around us.. The study of symmetries is so fundamental to mathematics and physics that one might ask where else it proves useful. This theme issue poses the question: what does the study of symmetry, and symmetry breaking, have to offer for the study of life and the mind? (Excerpt)

Scharf, Caleb and Olaf Witkowski. Rebuilding the Habitable Zone from the Bottom Up with Computational Zones. arXiv:2303.16111. CS is now at NASA Goddard (see below, search) and OW is a University of Tokyo astrobiologist who introduce and exercise an array of novel insights about an essential nature of life and beingness, broadly conceived, so as to better find, perceive and understand. We offer these several quotes.

Computation, if treated as a set of physical processes that act on information represented by states of matter, encompasses biological, digital and other phases, and may be a fundamental measure of living systems. The opportunity for biological computation, via the propagation and selection-driven evolution of information-carrying organic molecular structures, has so far been applied to planetary habitable zones with conditions such as temperature and liquid water. Here a general concept is proposed by way of three features: capacity, energy, and substrate. (Excerpt)

Computational zones (CZ) are a natural generalization of the idea of habitable zones and can combine traditional approaches to habitability: including factors such as the liquid water HZ, free energy availability, elemental and chemical availability, historical contingency and the preexistence of living systems. Furthermore, while the classical notion of habitability is largely a ‘yes’ or ’no’ environmental division, computational zones may be almost indefinitely extensible, but will be modulated by energy availability and energy efficiency, along with total computational capacity as a property of the conditions of matter. (3-4; for example)

Shifting focus towards the piecewise processes of matter involved with life, articulated as computation, offers a natural way to move beyond the traditional concept of an astrophysical (or geophysical) habitable zone, towards a more universal and predictive framework. (22) Computation is robust yet constrained in our universe. Understanding and quantifying those constraints through the computational zones approach proposed in this paper may provide new clarity in the search for living systems, even in the event of them taking very different form. (23)

Caleb Scharf received his B.Sc. in physics from Durham University, and his Ph.D. in astronomy from the University of Cambridge. He did postdoctoral work in X-ray observational cosmology at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the Space Telescope Science Institute in Maryland. For some years he was at Columbia University and director of the Columbia Astrobiology Center. In 2022 he returned to NASA as a Senior Scientist for Astrobiology at the Ames Research Center.

Pedia Sapiens: A Planetary Progeny Comes to Her/His Own Actual Factual Knowledge

Dai, Zhenyu, et al.. Physics-informed neural networks in the recreation of hydrodynamic simulations from dark matter. arXiv:2303.14090. Here is another 2023 instance whereby our Earthkinder cosmological studies are shifting and rising to a global genius phase, but properly by our human guidance. As the quotes say, in this plane, University of Houston, University of Edinburgh and University of the Western Cape, RSA astrotheorists appear to have awesome abilities to explore and learn about all wide and deep reaches

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have become a vital framework for predictive models that combine statistical patterns with domain knowledge. Hydrodynamic simulations are a core constituent of modern cosmology, but the computations are time-consuming. This paper presents the first application of physics-informed neural networks to baryons by combining advances in algorithmic architectures. By extracting baryonic properties from cosmological simulations, our results have improved accuracy based on dark matter haloes, metallicity relations, and scatter distributions. (Abstract excerpt)

The ΛCDM model, coined the standard model of cosmology due to its widespread adoption and explanatory power, plays a crucial role in modern cosmology and astrophysics. Galaxy formation evolution occur within virialized structures resulting from density perturbations in the early Universe, subjected to gravitational collapse. This leads to large-scale structure in
the form of a cosmic web evolving from a somewhat smooth starting
point, with dark matter halos as gravitationally bound over densities of the postulated main contributor to the matter content of the Universe. (1)

Our experiments demonstrate that PINNs as a revolutionary endeavor, offer a way to directly uncover novel baryonic properties and inform galactic dark matter halos. As such, they can be used to complete cosmological N-body simulations based on full hydrodynamic simulation suites. Our present framework is applicable to large-scale cosmological simulations and contributes to the use of modern machine learning in astrophysics. (13)

Manyika, James, ed. AI & Society. Daedulus. Spring, 2022. A timely, dedicated survey with entries like If We Succeed by Stuart Russell, A Golden Decade of Deep Learning by Jeffrey Dean, Language & Coding Creativity by Ermira Murati, and Signs Taken for Wonders: AI. Art & the Matter of Race by Michele Elam.

AI is transforming our relationships with technology and with others, our senses of self, as well as our approaches to health care, banking, democracy, and the courts. But while AI in its many forms has become ubiquitous and its benefits to society and the individual have grown, its impacts are varied. Concerns about its unintended effects and misuses have become paramount in conversations about the successful integration of AI in society. This volume explores the many facets of artificial intelligence: its technology, its potential futures, its effects on labor and the economy, its relationship with inequalities, its role in law and governance, its challenges to national security, and what it says about us as humans. (Issue review)

Allen, Benjamin, et al. Natural Selection for Collective Action. arXiv:2302.14700. For the record, eight Emmanuel College biomathematicians suggest ways that life’s evolution is innately supportive of a steady scale of beneficial cooperatives.

Collective action as the combined behaviors of multiple individuals occurs across living beings. Knowledge of how and why it evolves has a prime value for behavioral ecology, multicellularity, and human society but is hard to model due to nonlinear fitness effects along with spatial, group, and/or family units. Here, we derive a simple condition for collective action as favored by natural selection with a group influence on each individual weighted by the relatedness between them. (Excerpt)

Galesic, Mirta, et al. Beyond Collective Intelligence: Collective Adaptation.. Journal of the Royal Society: Interface. March, 2023. Twenty senior biobehaviorists from the USA, Austria, Denmark, Germany, the UK including Dora Biro, Robert Goldstone and Alex Mesoudi identify and explain how all manner of animal groupings across life’s long evolution occur due a deep propensity to not only become smarter, but to enhance this fitness by such communal unities. These latest, salient findings are then braced by vivid graphics and 300 references.

Ecosmos: A Revolutionary Fertile, Habitable, Solar-Bioplanet Incubator Lifescape

Yang, Yi and Xiaodong Song. Multidecadal Variation of the Earth’s Inner-Core Rotation. Nature Geoscience. January, 2023. In a paper that became science news, Institute of Theoretical and Applied Geophysics, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University researchers describe a wide array of deep findings to report that the inner core of our planet is not static but moves and turns within a predictable cycle. However as a philosophical view, isn’t it incredible that some billions of years on, an evolved, emergent worldwise observant capacity can quantify itself. What then might our verdant globe be, who are we sapient folks to be able to do this, and for what purpose?

Differential rotation of Earth’s inner core relative to the mantle is thought to occur due to geodynamo effects on core dynamics and gravitational core–mantle coupling. This rotation occurs due to temporal changes of repeated seismic waves that should traverse the same path through the inner core. Here we analyse seismic waves from the 1990s and show that previous temporal fkuxes have ceased over the past decade. This global pattern suggests that inner-core rotation has recently paused. For example, we also studied Alaskan seismic records to 1964 which revealed a turning-back of the inner core as a part of a seven-decade oscillation. (Excerpt).

Dupuy, Alexandra and Helene Courtois. Watersheds of the Universe: Laniakea and Five Newcomers in the Neighborhood. arXiv:2305.02339. Korea Institute for Advanced Study and Claude Bernard University, Lyon astronomers (search HC) post an expanded model of their brave “cosmography” project as the latest telescopes find how galactic clusters move around to arrive at these celestial displays. And as one may view in this paper it seems much akin to the past continental movements on Earth.

This article updates the dynamical cosmography of the Local Universe within 1 giga light-years by way of the gravitational velocity field computed using the CosmicFlows-4 catalog. With this resource, galaxy distances to delineate superclusters seen as watersheds by their size, shape, main streams of matter and their central attractor. Laniakea, our home supercluster, along with five more are now revealed: Apus, Hercules, Lepus, Perseus-Pisces and (Harlow) Shapley. Interestingly these hugh formations are an order of magnitude larger than the theoretical ones predicted by cosmological ΛCDM simulations. (Excerpt)

Cosmography is the science that maps and measures the large scale structures in the observed Universe that are built from the tug of war between gravitation and space expansion. Mapping the position and spatial extents of clusters, filaments, walls, superclusters and voids of galaxies is most frequently and more easily done using the Hubble-Lemaître law on redshift datasets. However, such positions and sizes are distorted by the local gravitational velocity field that curves clusters of galaxies and elongates them radially to the observer. Several methodologies are developed to counter these distortions that will be dominant as bigger and bigger datasets arrive. (1)

Bousso, Raphael and Geoff Pennington. Holograms in Our World. arXiv:2302.07892. We cite this entry by UC Berkeley physicists (search RB) as a way to record the latest frontier imaginaries in this fundamental realm. See also Quantum Singularities by RB and Arvin Shahbaxi-Moghaddam (Stanford) at 2206.07001 for earlier integral theoretics. But both papers have arcane, technical Abstracts so we did not include.

Zaletel, Michael, et al. Colloquium: Quantum and Classical Discrete Time Crystals.. arXiv:2305.08904. A latest report by UC Berkeley, Harvard, Duke, UC Santa Barbara, and MIT. (Frank Wilczek, original conceiver) from this study group another of nature’s substantial features gain a familiar presence and practical usage.

The spontaneous breaking of time translation symmetry has revealed a new phase of matter - the discrete time crystal. They are unique materials which exhibit subharmonic oscillations due to many-body interactions, collective synchronization, and ergodicity breaking. In this Colloquium reviews recent studies of their phenomenal phases. For example, there exists a diverse array of strategies to stabilize time crystalline order in both closed and open systems from localization and prethermalization to dissipation and error correction. Many-body quantum simulators provide a natural platform for investigating signatures of time crystalline order, trapped ions, solid-state spin systems, and superconducting qubits. (Excerpt)

Kresic, Ivor, et al.. Generating Multiparticle Entangled States by Self-Organization of Driven Ultracold Atoms. arXiv:2208.10111. As the Abstract conveys, Vienna University of Technology and University of Strathclyde, Scotland physicists expand the frontier presence of spontaneous orderings into atomic depths to an extent that nature’s every depth and breadth seems to exhibit and be moved by these one, same phenomena.

We study a methodology for guiding the dynamical evolution of ultracold atomic motional degrees of freedom towards multiparticle entangled Dicke-like states, via nonlinear self-organization under external driving. In the first model the external drive is an oscillating magnetic field, leading to self-organization by interatomic scattering. In the second model the drive is a pump laser, leading to self-organization by photon-atom scattering in a ring cavity. We demonstrate highly efficient generation of multiparticle entangled states of atomic motion and discuss prospective experimental realizations of the models. Our results highlight the potential for using the self-organization of atomic motion in quantum technological applications.

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