Recent Additions: New and Updated Entries in the Past 60 Days
Displaying entries 16 through 30 of 90 found.

Ecosmos: A Revolutionary Fertile, Habitable, Solar-Bioplanet, Incubator Lifescape

Sossi, Paolo, et al. Composition, Structure and Origin of the Moon. arXiv:2408.16840. In just four centuries since Galileo’s first telescopic view, ETH Zurich and University of Rochester geophysicists provide a latest, worldwise, global Galileo description. We record this historic contrast over a short period and wonder once more about our nascent Earthican prodigy whom can achieve such findings.

Here we critically examine the geophysical and geochemical properties of the Moon in order to identify the extent to which dynamical scenarios satisfy these observations. New joint inversions of existing lunar geophysical data (mean mass, moment of inertia, and tidal response) assuming a laterally- and vertically homogeneous lunar mantle show that a core with a radius of 300±20 km is required. Taken together, there is no unambiguous geochemical or isotopic evidence for an impactor in the formation of the Moon, implying an equilibration between the proto-Earth and Moon-forming material. (Excerpt)

Valade, A., et al.. Identification of basins of attraction in the local Universe. Nature Astronomy.. September, 2024. Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik. Potsdam and University of Hawaii including Norman Libeskind contribute another procedural example of our current planetary sapienscape quantification and accumulated knowledge record (still mostly unawares) across sidereal reaches. Whom then are we altogether to dutifully perform this self-descriptive universal function.

The Universe is believed to have evolved from quantum fluctuations seeded by an initial inflation which led to density perturbations that grew into large cosmological structures. Here, assuming the lambda cold dark matter standard model and applying a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo algorithm to 38,000 galaxies, the large-scale structure of the Universe is reconstructed. Our method thus provides an assessment of gravitational basins of attraction (BoA). Earlier Cosmicflows catalogues suggested that the Milky Way Galaxy was associated with a BoA called Laniakea. With the newer CF4 data, there is a slight probabilistic preference for Laniakea to be part of the much larger Shapley BoA. (Excerpt)

, . Marletto, Chiara and Vlatko Vedral. Quantum-information methods for quantum gravity laboratory-based tests.. arXiv:2410.07262. Senior Oxford University physicists (search) post their latest theoretical proposals and empirical plans at the leading edge of a century old endeavor to gather and wrap all these facets into a sensible coherence.

Quantum theory and general relativity are about one century old. At present, they are considered the best explanations of physical reality, as corroborated by experiments so far. Yet, the quest for unify goes on with quantum gravity. Here we review the nascent field of information-theoretic methods applied to this project. We focus mainly on gravitational entanglement between two quantum probes. We shall review the experimental proposal that has originated this field, as well as its variants, their applications, and discuss their potential implications for the quantum theory of gravity. (Abstract)

Freundlich, Jonathan, et al. Measures of luminous and dark matter in galaxies across time. arXiv:2411.07605.
Seventeen astrophysicists with postings in France, Austria, India, the USA, UK and RSA, Burina Faso, Spain and the Netherlands including Katherine Freese present highlights of this title Focus Meeting 9 at the XXXII IAU General Assembly in Cape Town, August 2024. We include as a frontier example of our awesome Earthuman abilities to search and quantify any and every infinity as they proceed and prosper. See also Dark Matter production during Warm Inflation via Freeze-In by Katherine Freese et al. arXiv:2401.17371.

Dark matter is a pillar of the current standard model of structure formation. However, it can so far only be probed indirectly through its gravitational effects. In this focus meeting, we discussed methods to estimate galaxies' visible and dark matter masses in the nearby and distant Universe. We discussed how robust mass measurements can help plan, perform, and refine particle dark matter searches, along with warm, self-interacting, and fuzzy dark matter, and modified gravity. Finally, we discussed prospects and strategies that could be implemented to reveal the nature of this crucial component of the Universe. (Abstract)

Kallosh, Renate and Andrei Linde. Landscape of Modular Cosmology. arXiv:2411.07552. The renowned Russian-American, Stanford University physicists continue their travels on cosmic theoretical pathways into a fifth decade. As I have noted, in September 1983 at Harvard I heard AL deliver his first public lecture in the USA (overhead slides of a bubbly fractal multiverse).

We investigate the global structure of the recently discovered family of SL(2,Z)-invariant potentials describing inflationary α-attractors. These potentials have an inflationary plateau consisting of the fundamental domain and its images fully covering the upper part of the Poincaré half-plane. Meanwhile, the lower part of the half-plane is covered by an infinitely large number of ridges, which, at first glance, are too sharp to support inflation. However, we show that this apparent sharpness is just an illusion created by hyperbolic geometry, and each of these ridges is physically equivalent to the inflationary plateau in the upper part of the Poincaré half-plane. (Abstract)

Palanque-Delabrouile, nathalie. Future directions in cosmology. . . In an article to appear
in the "Challenging the standard cosmological model" issue of Philosophical Transactions A, the Physics director at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory provides surveys the latest frontiers of our Earthuman universal explorations and instrumental quantifications.

Cosmology is entering an exciting time when a wealth of experiments are collecting data about the nature of dark matter, is dark energy a constant or varying field, the masses of the neutrinos, and more. This contribution provides an overview of upcoming projects and the science opportunities they will allow. In particular, we comment the DESI year-1 BAO constraints and some recent results and new questions in the perspective of the forthcoming observational program.

Goncalves, Miguel, et al. Incommensurability enabled quasi-fractal order in 1D narrow-band moiré systems. Nature Reviews Physics.. October, 2024. University of Lisbon, Minho and Porto, Portugal physicists contribute still one instance of how every natural iota seems to be structured by a dynamic universal self-similarity. Into Autumn leaves, one is led to a strong surmise that some mathematical, implicate source script seems to exist on its own. See also Emergent universal quench dynamics in randomly interacting spin models by Yuchen Li, et al in this same issue for another case.

A moiré potential—the superposition of two periodic potentials with different wavelengths—will either introduce a new periodicity into a system if they are commensurate or force the system to be quasiperiodic if they are not. Here we demonstrate that quasiperiodicity can change the ground-state properties of one-dimensional moiré systems. We show that for both commensurate and incommensurate structures, only quasiperiodicity can extend the ordered phase. These findings suggest that quasiperiodicity may be a critical factor in stabilizing ordered phases in moiré structures and highlight that multifractal phases might be promising parent states. (Excerpt)

Fu, Yue, et al. Supramolecular Systems Chemistry Based on the Interplay Between Peptides and Porphyrins.. ChemSystemsChem. October 23, 2024. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing biochemists describe some latest integrative advances in this primary scientific endeavor. Once again, the presence of catalytic processes are included in the mixture.

Supramolecular systems chemistry holds great promise for creating life-like systems. In this review, we highlight the use of peptides and porphyrins as evidence for self-assembled occasions in nonequilibrium conditions. Notably, when characterized by kinetic traps, feedback loops, and dissipative conditions, system-level properties emerge including transient catalysis, metabolic self-replication, and Darwinian-like evolution. Supramolecular systems chemistry provides a valuable framework for exploring new physicochemical spaces of peptides and porphyrins, and may offer distinct advantages and extensive applications across diverse fields. (Abstract)

Restrepo, Guilleromo. Spaces of mathematical chemistry. Theory in Biosciences. 143/4, 2024. A MPI Mathematics in the Sciences chemical historian and natural philosopher explains how these geometric properties can serve to scope out new research trajectories going forward in a systemic mode.

In an effort to expand the domain of mathematical chemistry and inspire research beyond the realms of graph theory and quantum chemistry, we explore five mathematical chemistry spaces and their interconnectedness. These spaces comprise the chemical space, which encompasses substances and reactions; the space of reaction conditions, spanning the physical and chemical aspects involved in chemical reactions; the space of reaction grammars, which encapsulates the rules for creating and breaking chemical bonds; the space of substance properties, covering all documented measurements regarding substances; and the space of substance representations, composed of the various ontologies for characterising substances.

Singh, Abhishek, et al. Non-Equilibrium Self-Assembly for Living Matter-Like Properties. Nature Reviews Chemistry. 8/723, 2024. Indian Institute of Education and Research, Kolkata biochemists scope out an ambitious endeavor by way of the latest nonlinear complexity understandings of dynamic living systems. Once this frontier knowledge is properly achieved, in some manner of (Alan)Turing turn, they say that a new phase of its intentional, guided beneficial application can begin. But not really, we add, if life remains as some sort of mechanical process. It is a main aim of this resource site to flesh out and document this nascent Ecopernican genesis revolution

The soft and wet machines of life emerged as the spatially enclosed ensemble of biomolecules with replicating capabilities along with metabolic reaction cycles that operate at far-from-equilibrium. This Review maps the discoveries on this possible integration of reaction networks, self-reproduction and compartmentalization under non-equilibrium conditions. Although challenges lie ahead in terms of molecular diversity, information transfer, adaptation and selection that are required for open-ended evolution, emerging strategies can extend our growing understanding of the chemical emergence of the biosphere. (Excerpt)

Delfavero, Vera, et al. McFacts III: Compact binary mergers from AGN disks over an entire synthetic universe. arXiv:2410.18815. We cite this October posting by NASA Goddard, CCNY, American Museum of Natural History, New Mexico State University and Rochester Institute of Technology astro-researchers for its certain mention and avail of whole cosmos simulations. By a philoSophia reflection, twenty-five years into this century our prodigious progeny can now even evaluate and model entire integral universes. A further notice could to be the open-end, on-going mission project as our especial Earthuman acumen proceeds to take up and carry out an intended, vital task of ecosmic self-quantification and affirmative witness.

The Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) channel for the formation of binary black hole (BBH) mergers has been studied as a potential formation channel for the merging compact binaries observed by the LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA (LVK) scientific collaboration. The first two papers in this series explored the McFACTS code for the evolution of black hole orbits in AGN accretion disks for individual galaxy models In this work, we explore the AGN host galaxies and assume a cosmological model in a universe like our own. We find that the majority of observable BBH mergers from our simulation are expected to originate in galaxies with a super-massive black hole. (Excerpt)

In this work, we use McFACTS to study the intrinsic and observeable BBH merger population from a synthetic universe of AGN, drawn from a set of cosmological assumptions (e.g. galactic stellar mass function, AGN density). In doing so, we sample from sets of McFACTS simulations for galaxy models which scale nuclear star cluster mass and super-massive black hole mass with galaxy mass. We assume AGN disks take the form of the commonlyused model (Sirko & Goodman 2003), and investigate the BBH merger populations that result. (2)

Wu, Peng-Ju and Xin Zhang. Wu, Peng-Ju and Xin Zhang. Measuring cosmic curvature with non-CMB observations. arXiv:2411.06356. We cite this work by Ningxia University, China and National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Northeastern University, China for its findings and as another instance of the awesome, collaborative capabilities of Earthuman beings to consider, quantify and finesse entire phenomenal universes over their spacetime dimensions.

The cosmic curvature ΩK is an important parameter related to the inflationary cosmology and the ultimate fate of the universe. In this work, we adopt the non-CMB observations to constrain ΩK in the ΛCDM model. We find that the data combination favors an open universe in the ΛCDM model, specifically ΩK=0.108±0.056 at the 1σ confidence level. Our results show that non-flat models fit the observational data better that the flat ΛCDM model, which infers that flat ΛCDM is not the ultimate model of cosmology. (Excerpt)

The cosmic curvature ΩK relates to the inflationary paradigm and the ultimate fate of the universe. Knowing whether the universe is open, flat, or closed is crucial for us to understand its evolution and the nature of dark energy. In this work, we adopt four late-time cosmological probes to measure ΩK in the ΛCDM model and its five extensions. The baryon acoustic oscillation, type Ia supernova, cosmic chronometer and strong gravitational lensing time delay data are employed. (6)

The Lambda-CDM, Lambda cold dark matter, or ΛCDM model is a mathematical model of the Big Bang theory with three major components: a cosmological constant, denoted by lambda (Λ), associated with dark energy the postulated cold dark matter, denoted by CDM ordinary matter.

Ananthaswamy, Anil. Why Machines Learn: The Elegant Math Behind Modern AI. New York: Dutton, 2024. The veteran science expositor provides a most comprehensive discourse from its historic origins such as Gottfied Leibniz’s alphabets, algebra/calculus and more onto late 20th century digital/analog algorithmic computations and into the 2020s its radical AI neural net, large language, ChatGPT information phase. By way of an ecosmos vista then, it could well seem that such a participatory cocreation may be trying to pass its whole genetic-like operating system to our Earthuman prodigy going forward.

Wolpert, David, et al.. Is stochastic thermodynamics the key to understanding the energy costs of computation. PNAS. 121/45, 2024. In a newsworthy item, eighteen thermo-informatic scholars at Imperial College London, Abdus Salam International Centre, Trieste, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Sandia National Laboratories, MIT and Sante Fe Institute including Thomas Ouldridge contribute a deep treatise about how the latest theories in this technical field can help manage and reduce the high energy requirements of large computational systems. (Google is resorting to small nuclear plants.)

The relationship between the thermodynamic and computational properties of physical systems has been a prime interest for many years. It has recently gained practical importance as the energetic cost of digital devices has exploded. Today’s computers obey multiple constraints on how they work, which affects their thermal properties since they operate far from equilibrium. Here we propose that the new field of stochastic thermodynamics can achieve a formal analytic process for these certain aspects. Our intent is then to show how these novel methods can provide better understandings of basic properties of physical realms as they are related to the computations they perform. (Long Abstract excerpt)

In this paper, we argue that recent results of stochastic thermodynamics can provide a mathematical framework for
quantifying the growing energetic costs of realistic (both artificial and biological) computational devices. In regard, this may provide major benefits for the design of future computers. Finally, by combining computer science with the theoretical tools of stochastic thermodynamics, we may uncover important new insights into all natural activities that perform computation in our universe. (8)

Stochastic thermodynamics,/u> is an emergent research field in statistical mechanics that uses multiple variables to analyze the non-equilibrium dynamics present in microscopic systems such as colloidal particles, biopolymers (DNA, RNA, and proteins), enzymes, and molecular motors. See, for example, Stochastic thermodynamics: From principles to the cost of precision by Udo Seifert at arXiv:1707.03759 and the book Stochastic Thermodynamics: An Introduction by Luca Peliti and Simone Pigolotti (2021).