Recent Additions: New and Updated Entries in the Past 60 Days
Displaying entries 16 through 30 of 126 found.

Pedia Sapiens: A Planetary Progeny Comes to Her/His Own Actual Factual Twintelligent Knowledge

Gottweis, Juraj, et al. Towards an AI co-scientist. arXiv:2502.18864. We cite this entry by thirty-four Google Cloud AI Research, Google DeepMind, Houston Methodist, Sequome, Imperial College London and Stanford University scholars as another 2025 version which advocates and describes an intentional, dedicated reciprocity between human persons and computational algorithms.

Scientific discovery advances by novel hypotheses that undergo experimental validation. Here we introduce an AI co-scientist as a multi-agent system built on Gemini 2.0 to help formulate research proposals based on prior evidence and aligned with human guidance. Key features are task execution for flexible scaling and a tournament evolution process. While general purpose, we focus on three biomedical areas: drug repurposing, novel target discovery, and anti-microbial resistance. Our positive results in each instance demonstrate the potential to augment biomedicine and scientific research and usher an era of AI empowered scientists. (Excerpt)

Johnson, Samuel, et al. Imagining and building wise machines: The centrality of AI metacognition. arXiv:2411.02478.. arXiv:2411.02478.. Eleven senior computer scientists at the University of Waterloo, University of Montreal, Stanford University, Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Santa Fe Institute, MPI Human Development and MPI Intelligent Systems including Yoshua Bengio, Nick Chater and Melanie Mitchell join a current project to get ahead of and rein in this worldwide computational transition. As foundation and large language models, along with agentic behaviors, become understood and availed, it is vital to have a lead segment of informed human management through appropriate prompts, select data resources, proper algorithms and so on. See, for example, Role of the human-in-the-loop in emerging self-driving laboratories for heterogeneous catalysing by Christoph Scheurer and Karsten Reuter in Nature Catalysis (January 2025). As we work through this critical phase, a beneficial balance of people in ethical charge, along with allowing agents to run pattern finding programs, could be a resolve.

While advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have shown to be capable of sophisticated performance on cognitive tasks, AI systems struggle in critical ways: unpredictable and novel environments (robustness), their reasoning (explainability), communication and commitment (cooperation), and harmful risks (safety). We argue that these issues stem from one basic lapse: AI systems lack wisdom. Drawing from philosophic mores, we define wisdom as the ability to navigate ambiguous, novel, chaotic problems through metacognitive strategies. Prioritizing metacognition in AI research will lead to systems that act not only intelligently but also wisely in complex, real-world situations. (Excerpts)

MPI Intelligent Systems Our goal is to understand the principles of Perception, Action and Learning that interact with complex environments. The Institute studies these aspects in biological, computational, hybrid, and material systems from nano to macro scales. The Physics for Inference and Optimization Group focuses on relations between the microscopic and macroscopic complex interactive networks by algorithms based on statistical physics.

Liu, Ziyin, et al. Systems Neuroscience: Cerebral Form and Perceptive Function Formation of Representations in Neural Networks. .. arXiv:2410.03006. MIT and Texas A&M University neuroscholars including Tomaso Poggio provide a more effective, thorough method to better activate, shepherd and facilitate AI cerebral, informational connectivities.

Better understandings of neural networks and representations will advance a scientific basis of AI systems. Here we propose the Canonical Representation Hypothesis (CRH), by way of alignment relations to govern the formation of perceptions in hidden net layers. Under the CRH, the latent representations (R), weights (W), and neuron gradients (G) become mutually aligned during training. We then show that breaking CRH leads to reciprocal power-law relations between R, W, and G, which we refer to as the Polynomial Alignment Hypothesis (PAH). (Excerpt)

Masry, Ahmed, et al. AlignVLM: Bridging Vision and Language Latent Spaces for Multimodal Understanding. arXiv:2502.01341.. Sixteen AI experts at York University, McGill University, University of Waterloo and University of British Columbia including Yoshua Bengio propose and describe innovative computational ways to combine both words and pictures so to achieve more effective, enlightened results. And we note that would engage both brain hemispheres in meaningful unison.

Aligning visual features with language embeddings is a key challenge in vision-language models (VLMs). In this work, we propose a novel vision-text alignment method, AlignVLM, that maps visual features to a weighted average of LLM text embeddings. Our approach ensures that visual features are mapped to regions of the space that the LLM can effectively interpret. AlignVLM achieves state-of-the-art performance and improved vision-text feature integration. (Excerpt)

Scheurer, Christoph and Karsten Reuter. Role of the human-in-the-loop in emerging self-driving laboratories for heterogeneous catalysis.. Nature Catalysis. January 29, 2025. We cite this entry by Max Planck Institute researchers as an example of new realizations that AI machinations ought not to be turned loose to run on their own. It After some thirty months of ChatGPTs, a constant reciprocity of AI inputs and human management is seen to achieve a best balance in ethical co-generative applications

Self-driving laboratories (SDLs) represent a convergence of machine learning with laboratory automation which operate in active learning situations as algorithms plan experiments that are carried out by automated (robotic) modules. Here we argue against humans totally out of the loop. We instead conclude that crucial advances will come from fast proxy experiments, existing apparatus with real persons making continuous decision-making. (Excerpt)

Cui, Hao and Taha Yasseri. AI-enhanced collective intelligence.. Patterns. 511, 2024. In this Elsevier journal, University College Dublin sociologists propose another sensible version of optimum individual and group interactivities with properly suitable and managed generative algorithmic learnings and methods.

The challenges facing society today are becoming so complex they surpass what human efforts alone can manage. As artificial intelligence (AI) evolves, some believe that it could bypass human intelligence and solve these problems. Instead, we contend that AI can better enhance personal and group capabilities rather than replace them. People bring intuition, creativity, and diverse experiences, while AI offers computational power and rapid processing. Combining these strengths can create a level of collective intelligence greater than the sum of its parts. (Excerpt)

Complex system thinking has illuminated various biological, physical, and social domains. Based on this, we can model real-world CI systems as multilayer networks. This framework allows us to leverage extensive research on multilayer networks, focusing on their robustness, adaptivity, scalability, resilience, and interoperability. (13

Riedl, Christoph and David De Cremer, eds. The potential and challenges of AI for collective intelligence. Collective Intelligence. February, 2025. Twenty-two practitioners in the UK and USA such as Gina Lucarelli, John Cartlidge and Joan Condell describe how their projects such as PSi: A scalable approach to community-led public decision-making; The AI4CI loop and Perspectives and on the UNDP Accelerator Network are integrating and taking advantage of these novel occasions.

Tackling large scale problems like climate change and the Sustainable Development Goals, requires taking a collective approach. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers tremendous potential to enhance collective intelligence, both as an actor that contributes to the solution directly, and as a tool and mentor that helps coordinate human collective intelligence. Collective Intelligence invited experts and practitioners to highlight key challenges and explain how they employ AI to advance novel solutions.

Ecosmos: A Revolutionary Fertile, Habitable, Solar-Bioplanet, Incubator Lifescape

Galvin, Daniel, et al. Abundant ammonia and nitrogen-rich soluble organic matter in samples from asteroid Bennu. Nature Astronomy.. January 29, 2025. In an article that merited news coverage, NASA Goddard astroscientists describe a unique opportunity to study meteoric surface compositions which are not contaminated by impacting our planet. These carbonaceous materials were retrieved by the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer mission (NASA website). See also An evaporite sequence from ancient brine recorded in Bennu samples by T. J. McCoy et al in Nature (January 29, 2025) for a companion article. Altogether this achievement is being viewed as strong evidence of a complex biochemical, evolutionary course which would well distinguish an innately fertile Ecosmos.

Organic matter in meteorites can reveal clues about early Solar System chemistry and the origin of molecules important to life, but their terrestrial exposure complicates interpretation. However samples returned from the asteroid Bennu by the Origin Explorer mission enabled us to study pristine carbonaceous astromaterial and detect amino acids, formaldehyde, carboxylic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and N-heterocycles (all five nucleobases in DNA and RNA), along with ~10,000 N-bearing chemical species.

Additional analyses of Bennu samples, coupled with laboratory analogue experiments helped us further understand the origin and evolution of prebiotic organic matter and chemical links between volatile-rich asteroids and primitive icy bodies. Similar asteroids could have been a source ol compounds such as ammonia, amino acids, nucleobases, phosphates and other chemical precursors that contributed to the prebiotic inventory that led to the emergence of life on Earth. (8)

Whalen, Daniel, et al.. Abundant Water from Early Supernovae at Cosmic Dawn.. arXiv:2501.02051. In this year when instrumental and mathematical capabilities are able to span and plumb the any realm of space and time, DW and Christopher Jessop, Portsmouth University and Muhammad Latif, United Arab Emirates University astrophysicists can now detect and report an earliest, spontaneous occurrence of aqueous solutions in the first hundred million galactic years. Such an immediate, spontaneous occasion, it would seem to infer an inherently fertile, procreative natural genesis.

Primordial supernovae (Pop III) were the first nucleosynthetic engines in the Universe which forged the heavy elements required for the later formation of planets and life. Here we show that the first water in the Universe formed in Pop III core-collapse and enriched with primordial water to mass fractions similar to those in the Solar System today. Besides revealing that a primary ingredient for life was already in place in the early Universe, our simulations find that water was a key constituent of the first galaxies. (Excerpts)

Rohde, Peter, et al. The Quantum Internet: The Second Revolution.. arXiv:2501.12107. Seventeen theorists and researchers in Australia, the UK, USA, China, Finland, Japan, United Arab Emirates, Ireland and Singapore post over 370 pages of a most thorough survey of 21st century quantum phenomena to date, which then suggest an array of consequent, beneficial applications and ultimately a global neurosphere. A six page outline courses from Mathematical Foundations to Cloud Quantum Computing and onto New Frontier Essays. As another March madness now sweeps over our auspicious bioworld, at the same while a prodigious Earthica may begin to open and blaze quantum quest frontiers ton a track to a twintelligent Gaiability. See also Quantum Internet: Technologies, Protocols, and Research Challenges by Vinay Kumar, et al at arXiv:2502.01653 for another initiative.

The desire to share and unite remote digital assets facilitated the classical internet. Here we present models for quantum networking, how they might be applied, and their implications. The different scaling in the computational power of quantum computers changes the dynamics of how they will operate. We anticipate cloud quantum computing to outsource quantum computations to the network and foresee future versions united into a global virtual quantum computer. The work is divided into technical sections as well as extensive societal sections for nearer and farther understandings. (Excerpt)

Gong, Yan, et al. Future Cosmology: New Physics and Opportunity from the China Space Station Telescope. arXiv:2501.15023. We note this entry by fourteen Chinese Academy of Sciences astrophysicists about a nationwide exploratory endeavor which plans to go forth into the farthest reaches of space and time. Our notice is that in the midst of worsening ethnic and geopolitical strife, an evolutionary Earthuman drive to deepseek, learn and gain knowledge presses on apace. We could cite similar instances for Russia.

The China Space Station Telescope (CSST) is the next-generation Stage~IV survey telescope. Here we review several CSST cosmological probes, such as weak gravitational lensing, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) galaxy cluster abundance, cosmic void, baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) and more to discover new physics and opportunities in cosmology. We find that CSST will measure matter distribution from small to large scales, expansion history of the Universe and dark energy properties.

Bianconi, Ginestra. Gravity from Entropy. Physical Review D. 111, 066001, 2025. The Queen Mary University of London mathematician continues her luminous theoretic studies by scoping out perceptive pathways to an historic unified synthesis of nature’s deepest fundamental qualities. Science news reports noted the article as a significant contribution.

•
Gravity is seen as derived from an entropic action which couples matter fields with geometry. While the geometry of spacetime is defined by its metric, matter fields can define an alternative metric, which describes the interplay between spacetime and matter. The proposed entropic action is the quantum relative entropy between the metric of spacetime and the metric induced by the matter fields. A canonical quantization of this field theory could bring new insights into quantum gravity and clarify the role that the G-field could have for dark matter. (Abstract)

The relation between general relativity, statistical mechanics and information theory is a central research topic in theoretical physics. Recently, important results have been obtained relating information theory, entanglement entropy and gravity involving the holographic principle, the entanglement properties of quantum field theory and the theory of von Neumann algebras. A comprehensive statistical mechanics approach to gravity can bring conceptual insights into the ultimate theory for black holes, dark matter and quantum phases. (1)

Fullwood, James and Vlatko Vedra. Geometry from quantum temporal correlations. arXiv:2502.13293. As individual and global studies continue apace to quantify the natural essence of a quantum and classical universe, this latest posting by Hainan University, China and Oxford University physicists (search VV) plumbs mathematical depths to an extent that we collaborative peoples seem meant to carry out this vital task of ecosmic self-description. See also Observation of the quantum equivalence principle for matter-waves by Or Dobkowski, et al at arXiv:2502.14535 and Gravity from Entropy by Ginestra Bianconi at arXiv:2408.1439. We note again that into springtime of this year, an increase in sophisticated synthese like these and our PediaPedia Earthica content may inform a consummate, salutary discovery.

In this work, we show how Euclidean 3-space emerges from the structure of quantum temporal correlations associated with Pauli observables on a single qubit. These quantum temporal correlations are independent of the initial state of the qubit, which enables an observer to extract geometric data from sequential measurements without having knowledge of initial conditions. We also suggest that space itself may emerge in such a way, and formulate such a hypothetical phenomenon. (Abstract)

There is a growing consensus in theoretical physics that spacetime is not a primitive notion. In particular, as opposed to a quantization where our quantum descriptions of nature are derived from a classical starting point which assumes the existence of space and time, it is now widely held that these notions imply a more fundamental description of reality, whether it be a quantum description or something else altogether. (1)

Milekhin, Alexey, et al. Observable and computable entanglement in time... arXiv:2502.12240. We include this entry by Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology physicists led by John Preskill to record how this prime feature of nature’s deepest phase has become a key significance to quantum computers. Visit the CalTech site below for a full description. But in its materialist mode, a nonlocality between particles over any distance remains inexplicable. Yet if one might now allow a wholly organic, embodied, personal milieu such sensory physiological relativity becomes possible. (As a note, I heard John Bell speak in person at Amherst College in 1990 and recall him softly saying What does it mean that there is something called “quantum” and we are here?)

We propose a novel family of entanglement measures for time-separated subsystems. For relativistic quantum field theories our definition agrees with the analytic continuation from space-like to time-like regions. We provide measurement protocols for the IBM quantum device ibm_sherbrooke for a simple qubit system. (Excerpt)

Entanglement is at the heart of quantum physics and future technologies. When two particles, such as a pair of photons or electrons, become entangled, they remain connected even when separated by vast distances. In the same way that a ballet or tango emerges from individual dancers, entanglement arises from the connection between particles. (Quantum Entanglement Explained in Simple Terms - Caltech Science Exchange)

Gadde, Rohit, et al. Chatbot-assisted quantum chemistry for explicitly solvated molecules.. Chemical Science.. 16/3852, 2025. We cite this article in a Royal Society journal by seven Emory University and Clemson University chemists as an example of 2025 frontiers in this once and future field of materials cocreation and as another instance of a person-platform partnership.

Advanced computational software packages have transformed chemical research by quantum and molecular simulations. However their complications and specialized hardware hinder their use. Here, we introduce AutoSolvateWeb, a chatbot-assisted platform that guides a multistep procedure to configure simulations of explicitly solvated molecules. As a proof of concept, AutoSolvateWeb demonstrates that combining virtual agents with cloud computing can enhance access to sophisticated human-AI research tools. (Excepts)

Previous   1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9  Next