Recent Additions: New and Updated Entries in the Past 60 Days
Displaying entries 1 through 15 of 42 found.

Pedia Sapiens: A Planetary Progeny Comes to Her/His Own Twintelligent Gaiable Knowledge

Bangura, Abdul Karim. Russian Fractals in Indigenous Artifacts.. Wilmington, DE: Vernon Press, 2025. The prolific polyscholar from Sierra Leone (google his many credits) casts his perceptive vision to reveal a many self-similar forms which deeply distinguish traditional Slavic artifacts. Once again a light has been shined on nature’s familiar, mathematic invariance.

This unique volume reveals how indigenous Russian cultures have a wonderful Fractal heritage that arose from socially just and ecologically sustainable social practices, such as northern Yakut. Today, the challenge for contemporary Russia is to reestablish the relationship between the social and ecological sustainability of indigenous peoples. Abdul Bangura expresses the current need for a Fractal renaissance which joins computational and scientific analyses with these venerable traditions.

Abdul Karim Bangura of Sierra Leone is Researcher-In-Residence of Abrahamic Connections and Islamic Peace Studies at American University’s Center for Global Peace in Washington, DC, USA. He holds advanced degrees in Political Science, Development Economics, Linguistics, Computer Science, and Mathematics.

Liu, Zizhou, et al. The Mind in the Machine: A Survey of Incorporating Psychological Theories in LLMs. arXiv:2505.00003. Columbia University, Barnard College and Cambridge University infoscholars contribute to a current endeavors trying to get a better bead/read on where profligate ChatBot literacies and responses are coming from and going to. This Spiral turning (Turing) section is concerned with validating their personal Earthuman venue as an interactive, reciprocal sciencesphere, while the Earthificial module below is about their cognitive essence and content. See also Nature's Insight: A Comprehensive Analysis of Agentic Reasoning by Zinan Liu, et al at arXiv:2505.05515.

Psychological insights have long shaped Natural language processing by way of attention mechanisms, reinforcement learning, and Theory of Mind. behavior, and interaction. This paper reviews how psychological theories can help inform LLMs stages including pre-training, evaluation and application. Our survey integrates insights from cognitive, behavioral, social, personality psychology, and psycholinguistics. (Abstract)

Marsili, Matteo and Yasser Roudi.. Quantifying Relevance in Learning and Inference. Physics Reports. Volume 963, 2022. We cite this entry by Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy and Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology physicists because it is mainly about an apparent physical propensity to seek and gain more relative, functional knowledge, whose frontier is our human sapience. In a philosophia mind, one might view a learning universe which needs to achieve its own self-observance, description and record. As the quotes allude, this ultimatel endeavor, aka bit to it information, can be seen as another instance of an inherent self-organized critical process. See also Abstraction requires breadth: a renormalisation group approach by C. Caputo, E. Seiffert and M. Marsili at 2407.01656 for more.

Learning is a distinctive feature of intelligent behaviour. Here we review recent progress on based on the notion of "relevance" which quantifies the amount of information that a dataset or representation contains. This allows us to define maximally informative samples and optimal learning machines where both exhibit critical features. This identifies samples obeying Zipf's law as the most compressed loss-less representations that are optimal in the sense of maximal relevance. (Excerpt)

Maximal relevance and criticality in efficient coding and statistical learning The above discussion implies that when samples are generated to be maximally informative, they should exhibit statistical criticality. Natural and artificial learning systems offer a further test for the criticality hypothesis. That the brain operates in a critical state has been advanced by many authors. The observation that neural networks have enhanced computational efficiency at the edge of chaos is well known. (20, 21)

Cutts, Elise. The Strange Physics That Gave Birth to AI. Quanta. April 30, 2025. A science writer tells the story of how John Hopfield, the 2024 Nobel laureate for his 1980s discovery of neural networks, came to this realization by way of condensed matter physics spin glass and Ising models. Co-recipient Geoffrey Hinton later joined in and teamed up in pursuit. A 2016 paper, Dense Associative Memory for Pattern Recognition, by Dmitry Krotov and John Hopfield (arXiv:1606.01164) is cited as an interim phase. See also The Computer Scientist Who Builds Big Pictures from Small Detail by John Pavlus in Quanta (October 7, 2024) for similar studies.

Other entries in this special Quanta Science, Promise and Peril in the Age of AI collection are What the Most Essential Terms in AI Really Mean by John Pavlus, Where Do Scientists Think This Is All Going? by Michael Mayer, Will AI Ever Understand Language Like Humans? with Janna Levin and Steven Strogatz and What Happens When AI Starts to Ask the Questions? by Gregory Barber.

It started as a fantasy, then a promise — inspired by biology and animated by the ideas of physicists — and grew to become a powerful research tool. Now artificial intelligence has evolved into something else: a junior colleague, a partner in creativity, an impressive if unreliable wish-granting genie. It has changed everything, from how we relate to data and truth, to how researchers devise experiments and mathematicians think about proofs. In this special series, we explore how AI is changing what it means to do science and math, and what it means to be a scientist. (Quanta intro.)

Nugent, Selin. Darwin in the machine: addressing algorithmic individuation through evolutionary narratives in computing. AI & Society.. April 19, 2025. A Centre for AI, Culture and Society, Oxford Brookes University polyscholar (visit website) seeks to ground these current planetary cerebral frontiers all the way back to life’s long recurrent emergence. By so doing, another innovative view on an analogical nature is achieved.

This paper examines the application of an evolutionary analogy to AI research by way of individuated and autonomous imaginaries through biological diction. Here we study how evolution is invoked in AI narratives through language and concepts across three fields: computing, Artificial Life, and existential risk. I argue that the intertwined history between evolutionary theory and technological change involves (1) the limits of analogies in relation to biological organisms so to balance creative inspiration with scientific caution and (2) multidisciplinary engagement with misinformation. (Except)

Ecosmos: A Revolutionary Fertile, Habitable, Solar-Bioplanet, Incubator Lifescape

Caliz, Andres, et al. A coherent approach to quantum-classical optimization. Communications Physics. 8/197, 2025. team from Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech, Barcelona introduce Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech jeir latest innovative methods to launch market-ready quantum computation and communication facilities based on an integral blend of physical stages and their analog/digital reciprocal modes. Here is another example of a present versatility in this basic realm as it also illumes a new cocreativity.

Hybrid quantum-classical optimization techniques can reduce of high quantum computational resources. Here we identify the coherence entropy as a crucial metric which determines quantum states as effective initialization candidates. Our findings are validated by way of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm, which finds pure Gibbs states. (Excerpt)

Unlocking nature through analog quantum computing Because nature is intrinsically quantum and analog, our custom-designed, analog approach opens the true potential of quantum computing, delivering faster, more accurate and sustainable solutions for simulation, optimization and AI. (Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech)

Touil, Akram, et al. Consensus About Classical Reality in a Quantum Universe.. arXiv:2503.14791. Los Alamos National Laboratory theorists led by Wojciech Zurek discuss a latest version of his Quantum Darwinism (search WZ) which has been growing in veracity and evidence since the 1990s.

Quantum Darwinism recognizes that decoherence imprints redundant records of quasi-classical pointer states on the environment which are then accessed by observers. We quantify consensus using information-theoretic measures to assess the correlation between the records available to observers. We then test proposed measures of consensus in a solvable model of decoherence as well as in a many-body system. These results provide novel understandings of how our classical world arises from the fundamentally quantum Universe we inhabit. (Abstract)

Zurek, Wojciech. Decoherence and Quantum Darwinism: From Quantum Foundations to Classical Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2025.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2025. The Los Alamos National Laboratory physicist gifts us, after some decades of collegial consideration, with a book length version of his deeply insightful theories. As the quotes say, we seem to abide in and emerge from a stochastic evolutionary process of many called and few (self) chosen writ large, which into the 2020s is being widely realized. One wonders if it even applies to candidate, sentient bioplanets like our own.

The measurement problem has been a central puzzle of quantum theory since its inception, and understanding how the classical world emerges from our essential quantum universe is key to its resolution. Here Zurek builds on the physics of decoherence and introduces the theory of 'Quantum Darwinism' to provide a novel account of the emergence of classical reality. Part II explores decoherence and its role in the quantum-to-classical transition. Part III introduces Quantum Darwinism to explain how an information-theoretic perspective complements, elucidates, and reconciles 20th century interpretations.

Quantum Darwinism is a theory meant to explain the emergence of the classical world from quantum origins by a process akin to Darwinian natural selection induced by the environment whereby many possible quantum states are selected in favor of a stable measured or recorded state.

Osipova, Anastasiia and Sergey Pilipenkoar. On the maximal velocity of collid ing galaxies. arXiv:2502.16337.. We cite this entry by Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow researchers for its content and as an example of how Earthuman scientific endeavors seem to be moved to learn all about any breadth and depth of our congested spacescape wherever they can. See also Merging of spiral galaxies by Alexander Khoperskov, et al at arXiv:2502.16642 and Toward a Modified Framework for Explaining Cosmic Structure Formation and Evolution by Robert Nyagisera, et al. in Astronomy (3/1, 2024)
for another instance.

In the current galaxy formation paradigm, collisions play a crucial role. A fraction of them are flyby events, and a galaxy that has passed through another galaxy is called a backsplash occasion. One signature of these incidents is that they have high velocities relative to their environment. In this paper, we develop such a theory based on the Zel'dovich approximation and use it to determine the maximal expected velocity of a galactic intersect.

Teague, Richard. Focus on exoALMA. Astrophysical Journal Letters. April 2025.. Astrophysical Journal Letters. April, 2025. This entry is meant to record a major release and posting of results from this large worldwide project which was just completed. Search the arXiv preprint site where this cover item and many specific reports such as I. Science Goals, Project Design, and Data Products, exoALMA. III. System Property Extraction from Protoplanetary Disks and exoALMA. XVI. Predicting Signatures of Large-scale Turbulence in Protoplanetary Disks are available.

Planet formation appears to be a ubiquitous process which takes place in the gas- and dust-rich protoplanetary disks that encircle newly formed stars. Detailing these physical and chemical processes is vital to understand the diversity of mature planetary systems that we (Earthumanity) have found. The goal of the exoALMA program was to conduct deep spatial and spectral observations of fifteen sources to map out the gas distribution and dynamical state of the disks with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). The following Letters describe the developments in methodology and analysis necessary to interpret these data and consequent findings.

The Atacama Large Millimeter Array is an astronomical interferometer of 66 radio telescopes in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, which observe electromagnetic radiation. ALMA provides insight on star birth during the early Stelliferous era, along with local star and planet formation. The project is an international partnership amongst Europe, the United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Chile.

Aerts, Diederik, et al. From Quantum Cognition to Conceptuality Interpretation II. arXiv:2412.19809. Vrije Universiteit Brussels and University of Udine, Italy continue to finesse their innovative theories as by which quantum-like phenomena is seen in effect in psychological, social and literary domains. See also The physics and metaphysics of the conceptuality interpretation of quantum mechanics by Aerts, D. and Sassoli de Bianchi, M. at arXiv:2310.10684 for an earlier edition and The cognitive triple-slit experiment at arXiv:2505.05497 for a latest version.

An overview of the conceptuality interpretation of quantum mechanics is presented, along with how it sheds light on key quantum and relativistic phenomena. We propose that it clarifies Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, entanglement-based nonlocality, superposition, delayed choice experiments, quantum measurements and more. Finally, we suggest that it outlines the intellectual trajectory leading from applications of quantum notions to human cognition. This article is the second in a two-part series whereof the first is 2412.06799. (Excerpt)

Zuchowski, Lena. From Randomness and Entropy to the Arrow of Time. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2024. A University of Bristol theorist contributes a volume to the CUP Elements in the Philosophy of Physics series which provides some latest clarifications about how life, persons and bioplanet fly away from chaos toward open creativity.

This Element reconstructs, analyses and compares different routes to ground the Arrow of Time in entropy. Three main aspects are the Empirical Arrow of Time, the Universal Statistical Arrow of Time and the Local Statistical Arrow of Time. The text will demonstrate it is unlikely that high entropy states will always coincide with visible disorder. Therefore, it will dispute that there is a strong link between the Arrow of Time and visible disorder.

Campbell, Steve, et al.. Roadmap on Quantum Thermodynamics. arXiv:2504.20145.. arXiv:2504.20145. This entry by some 80 authorities such as Janet Anders and Nicole Yunger Halpern has 24 comprehensive topical sections with 350 references. It is to appear as a "Focus on Thermodynamics in Quantum Coherent Platforms" in the Quantum Science and Technology journal.

The last two decades has seen quantum thermodynamics become an established field of research in its own right. In that time, it has demonstrated a broad applicability from foundational advances in how thermodynamic principles apply at the nano-scale and in the presence of quantum coherence, to a basic guide for the development of efficient quantum devices. This document provides an overview across many of the field's sub-disciplines, assessing the key challenges and a guide for its near term progress. (Abstract)

Parra, R. Gonzalo, et al. Frustration in Physiology and Molecular Medicine. .. arXiv:2502.03851. As an example of worldwise autocatalysis studies this year, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, UC San Diego, Rice University, Houston and Universidad de Buenos Aires including Peter Wolynes identify and factor in this title condition which is now known to commonly occur during protein biochemical reactivities. Life’s amino acids affect every aspect of growth and metabolism through myriad forms and functions which are newly being quantified and created by Nobel worthy AlphaFold programs and other algorithms.

The integral veracity of these 2025 reports could be served by a retrospect of this collegial project, as these citations may convey: Spin glasses and the statistical mechanics of protein folding by J. Bryngelson and P. Wolynes, November 1987 and Optimal protein-folding codes from spin-glass theory by R. Goldstein, Z. Luthey-Schulz and P G Wolynes, June 1992, as they drew on statistical physics and complexity sciences at the time to quantify life’s proteinverse. See also Frustration, dynamics and catalysis by R. Gonzalo Parra and Diego Ferreiro at arXiv:2505.00600 for another version.

Molecules provide the ultimate language to understand physiology and pathology. Myriad proteins perform chemical activities coordinating the life of cells as dynamic ensembles formed by folding the polypeptide chains. It is apparent that when folded, not all conflicting interactions have been resolved so the structure remains "locally frustrated". Over It has by now has clear that this state is not random but an essential factor. Here we review the physical origins of the frustration concept and evidence that this condition is vital for physiology, protein recognition, catalysis and allostery. Finally we explore extensions of frustration to higher systems including gene regulatory networks and the neural networks. (2502.03851)

The controlled dissipation of chemical potentials is the basic way that cells make a living. Enzyme-mediated catalysis allows the various transformations to proceed at relevant rates with precision and efficiency. Theory, experiments and computational studies show that local frustration is a useful concept to relate protein dynamics with catalytic power. These biological dynamics are then found to be tuned by the protein sequences that modulate the local frustration patterns. (2505.00600)

Peter Wolynes is an American theoretical chemist and physicist. Since 2011 he has been a Professor of Science and Chemistry at Rice University in Houston. He is widely recognized for significant lifetime contributions to understandings of complex protein folding, spin glasses, and gene networks.